Central Library, GNDEC

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from Ind. student

2012-01-23T21:36:00.000-08:00

A STUDY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION OF MOBILE PHONE SERVICE USERS OPERATING IN PUNJAB By Vipan Bansal,Industrail

Abstract
Indian telecom sector like any other industrial sector in the country has gone through many phases of growth and diversification. Starting from telegraphic the field of telecommunication has now expended to make use of technologies like Global System of Mobile Communication (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Wireless in Local Loop (WLL) to 3G in the mobile phones. The increased importance of services that makes the customer unsatisfied and also made content developers to come up with better and newer concepts and services. To understand that where this industry is at present and where it is headed, the research has been conducted to uncover the trends in the cellular industry and also to determine the reasons of shifting the service providers. In this study the opinion of 700 consumers from Punjab were taken. The results revealed that Short Message Service (SMS) is the most widely used Value Added Service followed by General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). It has also been found that most of the respondents were satisfied with their current service provider but still eighteen percent respondents want to shift their service provider gave maximum willingness for shifting to Airtel. Call charges was the reason of changing the service provider with weighed score of 3.80 followed by poor network and customer care service having weighted score of 3.12 and 2.94 respectively.

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from ECE student

2012-01-23T21:32:00.000-08:00

MULTI OBJECTIVE CIRCUIT PARTITIONING FOR POWER OPTIMIZATION USING SIMULATED ANNEALING By Sumeer Khajuria,Electronics

Abstract
Circuit partitioning is the task of dividing a circuit into smaller parts. It is an important aspect of layout for several reasons. Partitioning can be used directly to divide a circuit into portions that are implemented on separate physical components, such as printed circuit boards or chips. The objective is to partition the circuit into parts such that the sizes of the components are within prescribed ranges and the complexity of connections between the components is minimized. As the size of present-day computer chips become larger (i.e., chips containing more than ten million transistors in sub-micron areas), the importance of obtaining near-optimal layouts that efficiently place and route the signals becomes increasingly important. Partitioning is a key approach in reducing the connectivity between areas of the chip so that modules can be more efficiently placed and routed to reduce wire-length, congestion, and increase the speed of the overall design. So, circuit partitioning is the decomposition of complex system into smaller subsystems with the objective that each subsystem can be independently designed thereby speeding up the design process and to minimize the interconnections between the subsystems. A balance constraint is often imposed to ensure that each subsystem contains about same number of components and this decomposition is carried out hierarchically, till each subsystem is of manageable size. Partitioning is a Hierarchical process, which can be carried out at three independent levels: System Level Partitioning, Board Level Partitioning, N1, N2 …....Nk and Chip Level Partitioning. Partitioning problem can be formulated as bi-partitioning or a multi-partitioning problem. Partitioning algorithms are broadly classified into two classes: Constructive and Iterative. On the basis of nature of the algorithm, partitioning algorithms can be classified as deterministic or probabilistic. On the basis of process used for partitioning algorithms can be classified as group migration algorithms, simulated annealing, and evolutionary algorithm.Problem of circuit net list partitioning is non polynomial hard and cannot be effectively solved by deterministic algorithms. SA being the algorithm belonging to the probabilistic and iterative class of algorithms are stochastic in nature and can be effectively used for circuit net list partitioning. In the present work, min-set and sleep time optimization has been simultaneously attempted.

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from ECE student

2012-01-23T21:27:00.000-08:00

SELECTION OF PARAMETER "r" IN RC5 w/r/b ALGORITHM ON THE PRIME NUMBER By Harsimranjit S. Gill,Electronics

Abstract
With the precipitous application of internet and wireless network, has triggered significant needs for information security and personal privacy. However, wireless systems are more vulnerable to unauthorized access and eavesdropping. A mechanism is required that ensures the security for the transmission of data over a communication link. Cryptography is the best way to convert the plain text into cipher text and then transmitted over the channel and by this means only the intended recipient would able to receive the data and other person could not recover the original information.
RC5 has a variable word size, a variable length secret key and variable number of rounds. Ronald Rivest proposed the RC5 algorithm with 12 numbers of rounds for better encryption. In this thesis the proposed work is that if the value for the rounds in RC5 be a prime number then the security level of the cipher is more, as compare to the higher value of rounds up to next prime number. By the NIST suite, different tests of RC5 algorithm are performed having same data length and key but for different number of rounds and the result for prime number of round is compared with composite number of rounds and results justifies that RC5 for prime number of rounds provide better security level than a result drawn by a composite number of round.

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from cse student

2012-01-15T20:33:00.000-08:00

SATELLITE IMAGE CLASSIFICATION BY HYBRIDIZATION OF FPAB ALGORITHM AND BACTERIAL CHEMOTAXIS By Loveleen Kaur,cse

Abstract
Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) has been widely accepted as a global optimization technique. This technique is proposed by K.M. Passino in 2002 to handle complex problems of the real world. In this work, we aim to classify the satellite image using the technique of Bacterial Foraging Optimization. One key step in BFO is the computational chemotaxis, where a bacterium takes steps over the foraging landscape in order to reach regions with high nutrient content. The chemotactic movement of a bacterium may be viewed as a guided random walk. In this thesis work, we design a new algorithm which is based on Bacterial Foraging Optimization which is used to classify the satellite image. The proposed algorithm has been applied to the 7-band satellite image of Alwar region of Rajasthan. Firstly we use a swarm data clustering method based upon flower pollination by artificial bees (FPAB) to cluster the satellite image pixels. Those clusters will be further classified using BFO. This new method shows an improved highly accurate results for the classification of satellite image. The accuracy of the results has been checked by obtaining error matrix and the KHAT statistics of the proposed algorithm. The accuracy of each feature has also been obtained by calculating the producer’s and user’s accuracy. The results indicate that highly accurate land cover features can be extracted effectively when the proposed algorithm is used.

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from IND. student

2012-01-05T23:25:00.000-08:00

QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF HOSPITAL WASTE GENERATION TO RECOVER ENERGY:A STUDY OF MOGA DISTRICT By Amrinder Singh,Industrial

Abstract
Medical care is vital for our life and health, but the waste generated from medical activities represents a real problem of living nature and human world. The purpose of the present study is to obtain the quantitative assessment of hospital waste generation to recover energy in Moga district. To assess the types and quantity of different types of hospital waste a questionnaire was designed. The questionnaire consists of quantitative questions. 60 respondents from 20 hospitals have been personally visited and made to fill the questionnaire. Five samples of each different types of hospital waste like cotton, bandages, plastic syringe and glucose bottles in different conditions were taken from hospital. Collected samples were tested in laboratory where calorific value and proximate analysis tests were conducted. The study highlighted that glucose bottles has highest percentage in terms of mass with 46%, bandages next highest has 16%, glass with 14%, plastic syringe with 12%, cotton and paper has 6% each in terms of mass. Plastic syringe has highest calorific value which is 42740 kJ/kg, while cotton has least 15190 kJ/kg. The study highlighted that quantity of hospital waste is increasing rapidly, it is better to implement an energy recovery project rather than incinerate or dumping of hospital waste. A gasifier should be installed near Moga, since land cost is less and hospital waste of Moga and near districts can be simultaneously treated there.

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from CSE student

2012-01-04T23:38:00.000-08:00

A NOVEL ALGORITHM FOR CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT By Gursharanpreet Kaur,cse

Abstract
The importance of image as a media for storing and distribution of information in the multimedia area has increasingly grown. Images are often corrupted owing to channel transmission errors, faulty image acquisition devices, engine sparks, a.c., power interference and atmospheric electrical emissions. Because of these reasons, the objectives of corrupted images are hardly to distinguish. So these images need enhancement processing before objectives recognition. The purpose of enhancement is to stand out the useful information and enlarge the difference of characters in different objects in order to improve the vision effect and stand out the characters. The traditional enhancement algorithms are usually based on the computation of the whole image and the low frequency, high frequency and the noise are transformed synchronously while calculating transformation of the whole image. These algorithms enhance noise signal in image while they enhance image, which leads to the descent of information entropy. In recent years, the wavelet transform has become an attractive technique for image analysis and image compression. With its continuously increasing applications, the wavelet transform also shows its potential in image enhancement. Wavelet decomposition provides local information in both space domain and frequency domain. In the present work, a hybrid algorithm for contrast enhancement of gray-scale images has been proposed. Wavelets have been used as a preprocessing step for contrast enhancement. Although there are many contrast enhancement techniques which enhances the contrast of the image either locally or globally, but the proposed technique enhances the contrast of the image by working separately on low as well as high coefficients. The proposed technique is compared both subjectively as well as objectively by using suitable quality metrics with the existing contrast enhancement technique. The evaluation of the results shows that the proposed technique is better as compared to other existing techniques.

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from CSE student

2012-01-04T23:34:00.000-08:00

PHONEME BASED TEXT TO SPEECH SYSTEM FOR PUNJABI By Mnapreet Kaur,cse

Abstract
In recent years, the use of computers in speech synthesis and speech recognition has become an important area of study among speech and computer scientists. The primary motive is to provide users with a friendly vocal interface with the computer and to allow people with certain handicaps (such as blinds) to use the computer. In this thesis, work is concerned with the development of Text-To-Speech (TTS) Synthesis System for Punjabi text, written in Gurmukhi script. Punjabi is the world’s 12th most widely spoken language. The populace speaking Punjabi is not only confined to North Indian states of India such as Punjab, Haryana and Delhi but is spread in over all parts of the world. Punjabi is a phonetic language and commonly written in Gurmukhi script. The research work was carried out with the aim that the developed system must produce synthetic speech corresponding to two qualities of Speech Synthesis: intelligibility and naturalness. In order to get the naturalness in the synthetic speech, Concatenative speech synthesis techniques have been used, with Punjabi Phoneme as a basic unit. The total Punjabi Phonemes were analyzed over a carefully selected Punjabi corpus and the valid phonemes were selected. The Punjabi speech database was prepared by labelling phoneme sounds in the recorded sound file; and then storing, starting and ending point’s boundary values in the database. A fairly good quality Punjabi Text-To-Speech synthesis speech has been developed.

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from PE student

2011-12-21T01:57:00.000-08:00

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WIRE ELECTRODE MATERIALS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WEDM By Rajeev Kumar,Porduction

Abstract
Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is a special form of the traditional EDM process in which material is eroded from the work piece by a series of discrete sparks between the work piece and the wire electrode separated by a thin film of dielectric fluid. The movement of the wire is controlled numerically to achieve the desired three-dimensional shape and accuracy for the work piece. WEDM is used in tool and die making industries, automobiles, aerospace, nuclear, computer and electronics industries. The average cutting speed, relative machining costs, accuracy and surface finish have been improved since the commercial inception of the machines; much more improvement is still required to meet the increasing demand of precision and accuracy by different industries. The performance of WEDM depends much on the wire electrode used. Brass wire is used extensively as a wire electrode in WEDM. Various high performance electrodes like zinc coated, diffusion annealed, coated steel core wires etc. have been developed to satisfy the machining needs. In the present study, three wires (brass wire, zinc coated wire and High Cutting Speed (HCS) wire) were selected and the performance parameters – cutting rate, wire wear and surface roughness were studied on the machining of AISI D3 steel. The full factorial design was used to analyze the relationship of input parameters (pulse on time, peak current and type of wire) with performance characteristics (cutting rate, wire wear and surface roughness). Results obtained shows the improvement in surface roughness with brass wire over zinc coated wire and High Cutting Speed (HCS) wire, but maximum wire wear was recorded with HCS wire. Cutting rate was maximum with HCS wire and minimum with brass wire. Electron Diffraction Spectrometry (EDS) results shows some deposition of work piece material on the wire. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed the wire wear and surface roughness of work piece (after machining).

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from CSE student

2011-12-21T01:31:00.000-08:00

EMOTIONAL SPEECH GENERATION FOR PUNJABI USING DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUE By Manpreet Kaur,cse

Abstract
Generating emotions in speech is currently an imperative issue of research giving the requirement of modern human- machine interaction systems to produce expressive speech. Speech synthesis involves the simulation of human speech by computers. The different emotional states affect the speech production mechanism of a speaker in a number of ways, and leads to acoustical changes in their speech. These changes are perceived by listener due to the emotions added. This thesis describes a speech generation system that is able to generate emotional synthetic speech from a recorded natural speech using Digital Signal Processing Technique. This system implements TD-PSOLA method to simulate four basic emotions that are anger, fear, happiness and sadness. These are chosen as they utilize different changes in vocal parameters; anger and happiness shows increased activity in the pitch contour, anger also shows noticeable voice quality changes, sadness shows decreased activity in the pitch contour, The speech rate is slightly faster than in normal speech and contains pauses between words forming almost one third of the total speaking time. For embedding emotions TD-PSOLA method has been implemented that can be used to simulate different emotions in a natural speech. TD-PSOLA is used as it allows for high quality pitch and time scale modifications of stored speech segments and has a very low complexity and computational cost. The evaluation of the system showed that it generates recognizable emotions in speech but improvements are still necessary.

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from PE student

2011-12-05T01:35:00.000-08:00

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT EDM WIRE ELECTRODES ON THE MACHINABILITY OF D3 MATERIAL By Vikrant Aggarwal,Production

Abstract
Wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) is a special form of the traditional EDM process in which material is eroded from the work piece by a series of discrete sparks between the work piece and the wire electrode separated by a thin ?lm of dielectric ?uid. The movement of the wire is controlled numerically to achieve the desired three-dimensional shape and accuracy for the work piece. WEDM is used in tool and die making industries, automobiles, aerospace, nuclear, computer and electronics industries. The average cutting speed, relative machining costs, accuracy and surface ?nish have been improved since the commercial inception of the machines, much more improvement is still required to meet the increasing demand of precision and accuracy by different industries.The performance of WEDM depends much on the wire electrode used. Brass wire is used extensively as a wire electrode in WEDM. Various high performance electrodes like zinc coated, diffusion annealed, coated steel cored etc. have been developed to satisfy the machining needs. In the present study, three wires (brass wire, zinc coated wire and High Cutting Speed (HCS) wire) were selected and the performance parameters - material removal rate, wire consumption and surface roughness were studied on the machining of AISI D3.The factor analysis was used to analyse the relationship of input parameters (Pulse on time and Peak Current ) with performance characteristics (material removal rate, wire consumption and surface roughness).Result obtained shows the improvement in surface roughness with brass wire over zinc coated wire and High Cutting Speed (HCS) wire , but maximum wire consumption (117 m/ piece) was also recorded with brass wire. Material removal rate was maximum with HCS wire and minimum with brass wire. Electron Diffraction Spectrometry (EDS) results shows the deposition of wire material on the work piece. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed the deposition of different elements wire on the surface of workpiece.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from civil student

2011-11-30T00:46:00.000-08:00

NUMERICAL STUDY OF SHALLOW FOOTING ON MULTILAYER REINFORCED SLOPE By Sudhir Arora,civil

Abstract
Soil being the cheapest and readily available construction material has been popular with the civil engineers but being poor in mechanical properties it has been putting challenge to civil engineers to improve its properties depending upon the requirement which varies from site to site along with economic constraints. The use of reinforcement to improve the bearing capacity and settlement performance of shallow foundations has proven to be a cost-effective foundation system. Reinforcement can be in the form of sheets, strips, nets or mats of metal or synthetic fabric etc. Many times foundations are to be constructed on loose granular soils, soft fine-grained soils, or soft organic soils. In those situations geosynthetics enhance the ability to use shallow foundations in lieu of the most expensive deep foundations. A reinforced soil foundation (RSF) consists of one or more layers of a geosynthetic reinforcement and controlled fill placed below a conventional spread footing to create a composite material with improved performance. A composite reinforced soil foundation (CRSF) is an RSF that also includes a geosynthetic fabric separating native soil from the fill used to construct the RSF. There are many situations where footings are located on sloping fills (e.g., footings for bridge abutments on sloping embankments). In thses cases the bearing capacity of the footing may be significantly reduced, depending on the location of the footing with respect to the slope. One of the possible measures to improve the bearing capacity would be to reinforce the foundation ground with layers of geogrid. When a footing is constructed on a reinforced slope, the bearing capacity of the footing would be significantly increased by the presence of correctly placed reinforcements. The use of conventional material i.e. a (c- f) soil transported from borrow pits, in the construction of soil embankments becomes very costly as the soil is to be excavated, transported to the site and then it is to be used for construction. The use of conventional material is, therefore, increasingly becoming expensive and scarce. There is thus, a growing need in developing countries for research to be undertaken aimed at channelling local technology to the design and construction of low cost highway and other such projects. This is pertinent with abundance of cheap locally available raw materials/industrial wastes coupled with high cost of imported materials of construction.Fly ash provides an economical and suitable alternative to good earth for construction of embankments because it is one of the major industrial wastes coming out of the thermal power plants. Use of such wastes for major geotechnical applications will not only solve the problem of their disposal but also eliminate the environmental pollution to a great extent. Keeping this fact in view, fly ash has been chosen as the test medium. However, fly ash has been viewed very sceptically by Civil Engineers because of the fact that it is very fine grained material having little shear strength. It can only be used in huge amount with reinforcement. Thus fly ash will provide bulk of the mass to the geotechnical system and the reinforcement will provide the necessary strength.The present investigation involves numerical analysis with a commercial finite element program PLAXIS. The advantage of developing such a finite element model is that it can be used to examine various configurations which have not been modeled experimentally in the study. The numerical study (usuing PLAXIS) has been carried out for un-reinforced/reinforced fly ash slopes having multiple layer of reinforcement at different depths from the top of the slope.The bearing capacity and the settlement ratio of a rigid plane strain footing placed on top of a slope comprised of air-dried fly-ash with and without a multiple layer of geogrid–geotextile reinforcement are the two major outcomes of this study. The results from PLAXIS are compared with the experimental modelling results from the existing literature for the stability of fly ash slope reinforced with multiple geogrid layer. Various other aspects, which influence the behaviour of footings resting on the top of an unreinforced slope and reinforced slope have been taken into consideration in the present study, are location of the reinforcement and depth of embedment which are incorporated within the body of a model waste material. The results obtained from the proposed analysis show good agreement with the experimental results and therefore may be used for design of reinforced slopes loaded with a surcharge at its top.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from civil student

2011-11-30T00:43:00.000-08:00

NUMERICAL STUDY OF FOOTING ON SINGLE LAYER REINFORCED SLOPE By Amanpreet Kaur,civil

Abstract
Increasing demand of good construction sites opened a new direction to improve the weak soils to enable constructional operations possible on such soils. Among the various ground improvement techniques available, reinforced earth technique gained popularity over other techniques due to the overall economy and ease of construction, coupled with simplicity, which provides an added attraction to practicing engineers. Reinforced earth is formed by the association of soil and tension resistant elements in the form of sheets, strips, nets or mats of metal or synthetic fabric and arranged in such a way as to reduce or suppress the tensile strain, which might develop under gravity and boundary forces. Use of geosynthetics increases bond in the soil system due to the interlocking of soil particles with the reinforcement aperture as well as enhancing the bearing resistance of the transverse members of the reinforcement. Reinforced earth possesses many novel characteristics, which renders it eminently suitable for construction of engineering structures. The flexible nature of reinforced earth mass enables it to withstand large differential settlements as well without distress. Reinforced soil foundations may be used to construct shallow foundations on loose granular soils, soft fine grained soils or soft organic soils. The use of geosynthetics to improve the bearing capacity and settlement performance of shallow foundations has proven to be a cost effective foundation system. Geosynthetic reinforced soil has gained considerable popularity due to its wide application in the construction of geotechnical structures.Civil engineering structures are normally constructed on level ground but construction of such structures on top of a slope or on the slope are not uncommon. Further, in some engineering practice, structures such as bridge abutments or other traffic facilities have to be constructed close to the crest of a slope. The bearing capacity of a foundation constructed near the edge of slope reduces as compared to the foundation constructed on a horizontal ground surface. The investigation of bearing capacity of loaded slope is therefore one of the very important aspects in design of such structures because they are more liable to failure due to slope failure. Stability of such structures is thus inter-related with the stability of slopes. The positioning of footings in relation to the edge of the slope is another important aspect; which has implications not only on the safety but also on the overall design of such structures. A reinforced soil slope is a soil slope which is mechanically stabilised by reinforcements to maintain a steeper attitude than its normal safe angle without reinforcement. Reinforced slopes are cost effective alternatives for new construction where the cost of fill, right of way and other considerations make a steeper slope desirable. Typically geosynthetics are used for reinforcement in engineering slopes to increase the stability of the slopes, particularly if a steeper than safe unreinforced slope is desirable. When compared with reinforced earth retaining walls and to that for reinforced level ground, the problem of the behaviour of footings located in the vicinity of the crest of a reinforced sloped fill has received virtually no attention. In view of the importance of the problem, it is therefore useful to adopt a comprehensive study concerning stability of unreinforced as well as reinforced slopes loaded at the crest. The present investigation aims at a comprehensive study of the various parameters that affect the stability of unreinforced and reinforced earth slopes loaded with rigid strip footings. A Numerical analysis was carried out using a commercial finite element program PLAXIS version 8 (Brinkgreve and Vermeer 1998). The reinforced slope was analysed by varying the depth of embedment of the geosynthetic reinforcement and the corresponding pressure – displacement curves were compared to get the optimum value of embedment depth of reinforcement. Also the distance of the footing from edge of slope at crest was varied to analyse the effect of edge distance on bearing capacity behaviour of the footings constructed on reinforced and unreinforced earth slopes. Two types of soils (sand and silty soil) and three different types of geosynthetics were used in the study. The objectives of this study are (i) To determine the influence of geosynthetic reinforcement on the bearing-capacity characteristics of a footing on slope, (ii) To obtain an optimum depth of embedment of geosynthetic reinforcement layer and (iii) To analyse the effect of edge distance on bearing capacity characteristics of footing constructed on slope. The results of the investigation indicate that both the pressure–settlement behaviour and the ultimate bearing capacity of footing improved considerably by the inclusion of a reinforcing layer at the appropriate location in the fill slope. Based on results of numerical study, the critical value of embedment depth of geogrid layer for maximum reinforcing effects was established. The results of the study were also compared with the available literature for validation of finite element analysis.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE student

2011-11-30T00:34:00.000-08:00

CALCULATING THE DESIGN METRICS FROM CLASS DAIGRAMS USING PROGRAM SLICING By Abhilesh Kumar,cse

Abstract
High cohesion or module strength indicates that a system has been well partitioned into components which have strong internal relationships between attribute, method and class. Cohesion is an important factor in term of software design. Coupling indicates the degree of interdependence among the component of a software system. Coupling is thought to be a desirable goal in software construction, leading to better value of internal attribute, such as maintainability, reusability and reliability.In the proposed work, creation of Class Dependency Graph from class diagram based on dependency between attributes-method, method-method is performed. In the present work the class dependency graph (CDG) is generated from the class diagram (CD). The static slicing is then applied on the class dependency graph (CDG) to obtain slices, cohesion and coupling is then calculated from the slices. In the past research the dependency graph of the class diagram were not used for calculating software metrics. This thesis proposed a new technique for calculating cohesion and coupling of a class diagram using program slicing technique, to develop a reliable and accurate software system.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE student

2011-11-22T23:33:00.000-08:00

VHDL BASED PARTITIONING USING ANT COLONY TECHNIQUES By Seema,Electronics

Abstract
Partitioning is a key approach in reducing the connectivity between areas of the chip so that modules can be more efficiently placed and routed to reduce wire-length, congestion, and increase the speed of the overall design. The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is a probabilistic technique for solving computational problems, which can be reduced to finding good paths through graphs. Initially, proposed by Marco Dorigo in 1992 in his Ph.D. thesis, the first algorithm was aiming to search for an optimal path in a graph; based on the behaviour of ants seeking a path between their colony and a source of food. The original idea has since diversified to solve a wider class of numerical problems, and as a result, several problems have emerged, drawing on various aspects of the behaviour of ants. Ant colony optimization (ACO) takes inspiration from the foraging behaviour of some ant species. These ants deposit pheromone on the ground in order to mark some favorable path that should be followed by other members of the colony. Ant colony optimization exploits a similar mechanism for solving optimization problems. The overall improvement using the ACO approach is approximately 30%, which shows that the used technique is very effective in minimizing the mincuts. Present work demonstrates the versatility of ACO for bi-partitioning to minimize the Interconnections also called cuts. The objective of the thesis is to optimize the interconnections between the two partitions. The interconnections were calculated by applying the proposed ACO approach. Then the coding was done using VHDL. The netlist consisting of 12 nodes was used and ACO algorithm was applied to that netlist. MATLAB was used for generating the initial partitions, to calculate mincut and for the rest of the work, VHDL was used.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE student

2011-11-22T23:30:00.000-08:00

STUDIES ON SCALING OF VARIOUS PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF VLSI CIRCUITS By Gurpreet Kaur,Electronics

Abstract
Very large scale integrated circuit (VLSI) has grown tremendously in the past three decades because of the consistent scaling of CMOS technologies. This reduction size has enabled very dense transistors chips that have improved speed, functionality and power dissipation compared to their predecessors. With the rapid growth of portable electronics devices, low powered design is crucial in the design of electronics. Therefore the focus of the industry has changed from high performance designs to low power designs to meet the demands of the portable electronics. To achieve an optimal design, tradeoffs exist between power and performance at each stage of the design. Scaling has been a driving force in making the MOS transistor dominant for integrated circuits. However, continued reduction in dimensions has caused increase in leakage power consumption. Five main sources of leakage power consumption are: Reverse- bias pn junction leakage, subthreshold leakage, Gate oxide tunnelling current, Gate current due to hot- carrier injection, Gate induced drain leakage current and channel punch through current. Simulations are carried out in Spice for 180 nm, 130 nm, 100 nm and 70 nm technology nodes. To suppress the leakage current in CMOS inverter, circuit level techniques are explored. Such as Forced PMOS, Forced NMOS, variable threshold CMOS, Reverse Body Bias and Multi threshold CMOS are explored to mitigate leakage power consumption. It is observed that Multi threshold NMOS got best simulated results for leakage power reduction. Multi threshold NMOS got 97% at 70 nm technology node, 92% at 100 nm technology node, 93% at 130 nm technology node and 94% leakage reduction over conventional CMOS at 180 nm technology node.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE student

2011-11-22T23:24:00.000-08:00

CIRCUIT PARTITIONING WITH SWARM INTELLIGENCE USING VHDL By Ramanjot K. Jhajj,Electronics

Abstract
Partitioning plays an essential role in the VLSI design process. In order to build abstruse digital logic circuits it is often necessary to subdivide multi-million transistor circuit designs into realizable pieces. Hence Partitioning is a design task to break a bigger system into smaller pieces so that they can be implemented on separate interacting components and it also helps to solve arduous and abstruse combinatorial optimization problems as in logic or layout synthesis. Partitioning is done keeping in mind certain objectives that can be implemented independently or collectively. This report deals with partitioning of a VLSI circuit in such a way that the number of mincuts is minimized. The minimized interconnections not only reduces the delay but also reduces the interface between the partitions making it easier for independent design and fabrication. Minimizing the interconnections is also called Mincut problem. This objective may be optimized using an Optimization=20 technique such as Ant Colony optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization, Stimulated Annealing Technique etc. Optimization technique used in this dissertation is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The algorithm is developed to implement the PSO technique for circuit partitioning and finding the global best position,i.e. minimum min-cut. The Standard ISPD 9298 benchmark formatted Net List files are used for testing and simulation. The simulation and algorithm are implemented in MATLAB Software and Active HDL. We got better results for certain circuits for min-cut. As the future scope of this work, these algorithms can be implemented on multi-million transistor circuits and CPU execution time and delay can also be taken into account as an additional parameter to optimize.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE student

2011-11-22T23:15:00.000-08:00

CIRCUIT PARTITIONING WITH HYBRID PSO ACO APPROACH USING VHDL By Gurpreet K. Walia,Electronics

Abstract
In order to 20 implement a large circuit, it is necessary to break that circuit into smaller 20 circuits because of the various limitations associated with the implementation 20 of large circuits like I/O pin limitations. So, partitioning is necessary as it 20 plays an essential role in the VLSI design process. Partitioning is = basically a 20 design task to break a bigger system into smaller pieces to be implemented on=20 separate interacting components. It also helps to solve difficult and = complex=20 optimization problems. This report deals with the aim to = minimize number=20 of interconnections between the partitions of a VLSI circuit, keeping in = mind=20 all the constraints. The minimized interconnections also reduces the = delay and=20 the interface between the partitions making it easier for independent = design and=20 fabrication. Minimizing the interconnections is also called Mincut = problem. This=20 objective may be optimized using an Optimization technique such as Ant = Colony=20 optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization etc. For this dissertation, = Particle=20 Swarm Optimization(PSO) and Ant Colony Optimization(ACO) algorithms are = used. For testing this method, various = netlists are=20 taken from the Standard ISPD=9298 benchmark. MATLAB was used for generating the = initial=20 partitions, to calculate mincut and for the rest of the work, VHDL was=20 used. We got better results = for=20 certain circuits for min-cut.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE student

2011-07-06T23:56:00.000-07:00

NON INVASIVE RESPIRATORY RHYTHM MONITORING By Ekta Gupta,cse

Abstract
This thesis presents a new method of measuring noninvasive respiration. Non-Conventional method of nasal cavity temperature measurement is being employed. The review considers non-invasive methods and devices claimed to provide information about respiratory rate or depth, or gas exchange. Methods are categorized into those responding to movement, volume and tissue composition detection; air flow; and blood gas concentration. The merits and limitations of the methods and devices are analyzed, considering information content and their ability to minimize the rate of false alarms and false non-alarms. Non-Invasive method considers the systems that rest on the skin or those using samples of inspired or expired gases. The system includes a sensor producing data corresponding to temperature of airflow in a respiratory system of a body, this is then amplified and fed to Micro-controller for processing. The output can then be send to LCD or remote display Unit, We have interfaced PC with the Unit to show that the data can be processed onsite and offsite and further can be used in telemetry. This thesis shows and Analyzes how this approach drastically reduces and cost and time. It is concluded that the field of non-invasive respiratory monitoring is still in an exploratory phase, with numerous reports on specific device solutions but less work on evaluation and adaptation to clinical requirements. We implemented this prototype as a development environment for circadian analysis of breathing. A differential breathing sensor with the low power microcontroller is used for prolonged monitoring during normal activity. It stores the acquired information locally and scans the quality of wireless link. Stored data set is uploaded periodically, without user intervention, when the wireless link of good quality is available. This significantly increases the scope of normal activity during circadian breathing rhythm evaluation.The circuit was designed using OrCAD and National Instruments Multisim. Microcontroller programming was done through Keil and Flashprogrammer. Code for PC was written in VB6.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE student

2011-07-06T23:53:00.000-07:00

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR PROTEIN CLASS PREDICTION By Gangandeep Kaur,cse

Abstract
One of the most important applications of bioinformatics is searching of an effective drug to cure human diseases. This process of drug discovery involves identifying a target protein whose inhibition can destroy the pathogen. Before the scientists discover any new medicines for a disease, they need to explore the reason for such a condition. The protein function prediction for drug discovery is usually based on the existing facts about how the proteins interact with each other, how the genes are altered, how the cells get affected and how the disease affects the patient. But it is a highly time consuming process, so some effective technique must be applied for the problem of drug discovery as it involves a large amount of data to be handled. So, neural networks have been applied for the drug discovery process as they have the ability to derive meaning from complicated data, detect patterns and trends that are too complicated to be determined by other techniques. Artificial neural networks are a form of machine learning from the field of artificial intelligence and can be utilized in many areas of bioinformatics. In the present work, neural networks have been implemented for the classification of the large data set through MATLAB. The data is input into the neural network which trains the whole data through the feed forward algorithm. The performance of the neural network and the states that occur after training are presented in the graphical form. The network further predicts the human protein class through the values of the different features of the data. The results are shown in the form of graph. A rmean square error graph is also plotted which shows its variations with the number of input parameters.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE student

2011-07-06T23:51:00.000-07:00

IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE IN DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENT BY MAINTAINING CONSISTENCY IN CACHE By BOSHANPREET BHATHAL,CSE

Abstract

In many client-server scenarios, data is often stored at a central database server. This central server supports various client servers which interface with the end user. In case the client servers are remote, data may be retrieved from long distances. This often results in problems such as shortage of communication bandwidth, expensive trips to the database and unacceptable response times. A key idea for solving this problem is to store copies of the data locally on the remote servers in order to reduce the number of data retrieval operations over long distances. Locally storing data copies is called caching. By locally storing data at the point of usage, communication bandwidth is saved and response time is shortened. Data is often distributed and replicated over different caches to improve performance. With distributed caching, problems arise over time if copies of data become inconsistent, causing the local copy of the data to be out of sync with the contents of the central database, or with the other cached copies. These inconsistencies may result from local updates on the cached data or due to an outdated version of the cached data compared to what is stored on other caches. To overcome this problem, some caches employ an invalidation policy for informing all the other caches that the data has been updated and causing them to update the invalidated data. The goal of this thesis is to propose procedures, aiming at propagating invalidations while reducing the costs of data transfers for several scenarios with varying parameters, such as network topology or number of transactions

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from Prod student

2011-07-06T23:47:00.000-07:00

APPLICATION OF FEM FOR CRACK ANALYSIS OF RAILWAY WHEEL By HARMESH LAL,Production

Abstract
Railway wheel fails due to fatigue and fracture due to presence of defects. Preliminary assessment of this type of damage can prevent catastrophic failure of railway vehicle. Many defects are present after manufacturing of wheel by proper analysis these defects can eradicate the failure of wheel. When a crack is present in the wheel, fracture mechanics approach to find out the chances of crack propagation can be applied using stress intensity factor. During Service life, wheel subjected multi-axial cyclic loadings is a nature of rolling contact fatigue. By focusing our attention on the damage process related to the wheel–rail interface behavior, wear can be distinguished that consists in the uniform removal of material from the rim. Surface contact fatigue, which exists in the initiation and propagation of a crack

originated on the free surface due to the cyclic repetition of the contact pressure.

The main objective of this analysis is to find out the stress intensity factor for a crack present in the railway wheel. The crack is a circular shaped like a penny. The theoretical formulation of wheel–rail interaction and crack propagation has to be understood well before simulation attempted. For simulation since crack is very small in size we consider a 3D cylindrical model of the contact area in railway wheel containing the crack is considered and the same loading and boundary conditions are applied on it. For concentrating on contact patch a 3D cylindrical model of the contact area is considered. A 3D Model of small contact area is to be made, which is cylindrical in shape and also to be focused on half 3D cylindrical and analysis of internal subsurface crack is done in ABAQUS.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from Prod student

2011-07-06T23:43:00.000-07:00

INVESTIGATIONS FOR IMPROVING PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC COMPONENT BY SILICON MOULDING PROCESS By Vipul Sharma,Production

Abstract

The purpose of the present study is to experimentally investigate and optimize the mould fabrication process, based on vacuum casting for plastic component. Starting from the identification of component, prototype with three different types of material were prepared under three different conditions of temperature, time and mixing ratio. Measurements on the coordinate measuring machine helped in calculating the dimensional tolerances of the plastic components produced. Further relation between hardness, dimensional accuracy and surface roughness in vacuum casting and other controllable parameter has been deduced by Taguchi technique L9 orthogonal array (OA). The study highlighted the optimized input parameter settings in-terms of dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, micro-hardness for plastic components. Final component produced are acceptable as per IS standard UNI EN 20286-I (1995) and DIN 16901 standards for plastics. The results of study highlighted that the percentage contribution of input parameters (like: material type, mixing ratio and de-mould temperature) for dimensional accuracy is 86%, 1% and 9%; for surface roughness is 1%, 92%, 1% and for micro hardness it is 86%, 2%, 10%. Final results are supported by SEM analysis.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from Prod student

2011-07-06T23:37:00.000-07:00

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR CASTING OF AI SIC METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE WITH VACUUM MOULDING By Jaswinder Singh,Production

Abstract

Aluminium (Al) based metal matrix composites (MMC) have many potential engineering applications. There has been a critical need for casting of cost-effective MMC. Not much work hitherto been reported for casting of Al based MMC with vacuum moulding. An approach to macro-model the micro hardness and dimensional accuracy for casting of MMC of Al and its alloys have been proposed and applied. Relationship between micro hardness, dimensional accuracy and other parameter has been deduced by using Taguchi’s technique L9 orthogonal array (OA). Results indicate that the hardness of MMC developed depends significantly on the component volume, pouring temperature and composition. The comparison with experimental results will also serve as future validation of the model.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from Prod student

2011-07-06T23:32:00.000-07:00

A NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF RESIDUAL STRESSES IN BUTT WELDING OF TWO MILD STEEL PLATES By Gurdeep Singh,Production

Abstract

Welding is a reliable and efficient joining process in which the coalescence of metals is achieved by fusion. Due to the intense concentration of heat in the heat source of welding, the regions near the weld line undergo severe thermal cycles. The thermal cycles cause non-uniform heating and cooling in the material, thus generating inhomogeneous plastic deformation and residual stresses in and around fusion zone and heat affected zone (HAZ). Due to these residual stresses produced in and around the weld zone the strength and life of the component is reduced. In this present study, the behavior of residual stresses was studied, in two 10 mm thick Fe410WC mild steel plates butt welded using the Metal Active Gas (MAG) process. Three types of V-butt weld joint – two-pass, three-pass and four-pass were considered in the present study. An experimental method (X-ray diffraction) and numerical analysis (Finite Element Analysis) were then carried out to calculate the residual stress values in the welded plates. It was concluded that when temperature distribution increases then the residual stress also increase. The peak residual stress measured by numerically and experimentally at the centre of weld bead during different passes were 113 MPa and 106 MPa, respectively. The results obtained by finite element method agree well with those from experimental X-ray diffraction method.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from Prod student

2011-07-06T23:28:00.000-07:00

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF MAGNETIC ABRASIVE FINISHING AND BUFFING By Rajwinder Singh,Production

Abstract

Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF) Process is one of advanced fine machining techniques in the category of Non -Conventional Machining Processes. In MAF, a relative motion is given to the work piece or to magnetic poles. The cutting force is provided and controlled with the help of magnetic flux, distance between electromagnetic poles and magnetic abrasives. The conventional process such as fine grinding, buffing are commonly used in industry for finishing of surfaces. Industrial pollution, Noise and Dust, Health hazards, more power consumption etc. are some of the undesirable factors which involve with the conventional machining processes. In spite of the remarkable results of the MAF for metal finishing, this process is least explored in Indian Industry. The reason may be due to lack of awareness about the effectiveness of the process. Literature available on the process indicates that considerable research work has been reported on the optimization of the process parameters and some other aspects. As regards to comparative evaluation of MAF with existing processes of finishing, negligible information is available in the literature. In the present work, MAF has been compared with Buffing process which is mostly used for finishing purposes. An actual component of Brass being manufactured in the industry has been chosen and experiments were performed to check the performance of MAF considering required quality aspects of the component. The results of this thesis work indicate that MAF may be used as an alternative process in place of Buffing which creates poor working conditions at shop floor. For the same quality charterisitics, MAF comes out to be economical (less power consumption), safe (decrease in rotation speed of equipment) and clean (dust free) process.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from IND student

2011-07-06T23:25:00.000-07:00

APPLICATION OF REVERSE LOGISTICS IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF BOTTLING PLANT By Nikil Walia,Industrial

Abstract

Reverse logistics is one of the latest research areas providing economic and environmental benefits to the society. It deals with the backward movement of the products or services in the supply chain system. In a closed loop supply chain system integration of returned products and new products is needed to sustain demand and supply requirements. The present study was conducted for a glass bottling plant which reuses the glass bottles. The requirement of the new bottles with respect to returned bottles were found. The study was carried out at Ludhiana Beverages Limited, Ludhiana. The industry has four major distribution routes viz. Route I, Route II, Route III and Route IV. Starting from the identifications of the parameters of bottling process, a mathematical algorithm was derived. The study highlighted the requirement of new bottles for each distribution route. It was found that amongst the four routes the route III was responsible for 49.69% of the total requirement of all the routes. The results indicated sharp increase in the requirement of new bottles with an increase in return time.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from EE student

2011-07-06T23:20:00.000-07:00

ENERGY AUDIT OF HOT ROLLING MILL IN JSL STAINLESS LTD.HISAR By Manoj Bhardwaj,Electrical

Abstract

JSL Stainless Limited is one of the leading and professionally managed steel industry of India. This company was set up in 1970 by the steel visionary Mr. O.P. Jindal, has grown up in a multi unit steel plant in Hisar, Haryana. JSL Stainless Ltd. is a ISO: 9001 & ISO: 14001 company is the flagship company of the Jindal Organization. Now, at Hisar, JSL Stainless Ltd. has India's only composite stainless steel plant for the manufacture of Stainless Steel Slabs, Blooms, Hot rolled and Cold Rolled Coils, 60% of which are exported worldwide. This company in so many units out of which steckel unit of hot rolling mill is selected for energy audit, as it is the main component of JSL Stainless Ltd., Hisar. All of the other units dependent upon it. It is obvious that energy audit is the key to a systematic approach for decision-making in the area of energy management. In general, Energy Audit is the translation of conservation ideas into realities, by lending technically feasible solutions with economic and other organizational considerations within a specified time frame. First of all in this energy audit work essential or preliminary data is gathered. This is also termed as preliminary audit which uses only available data and is completed with limited diagnostic instruments. This collection of data relies on all the relevant written, oral visual information that can lead to a quick diagnosis of the plant energy situation. This also focuses on the identification of obvious sources of energy wastage's. Then with the analysis of this collected data along with the use of sophisticated instruments such as flow meter, pressure gauge, power analyzer etc. The typical out put of this energy audit is a set of recommendations as per the estimate of the scope for saving, identified the most likely and easiest area for attention and also with some proposals for immediate improvement especially with no/low/heavy cost action. SUMMARY OF PROPOSALS WITH CONCLUSION: 1. Replacement of induction motors with energy efficient motors whose working hours are 12 hrs or above per day with 15 HP and higher capacity motors with attractive pay back period. 2. Installation of a Star-Delta-Star Converter with built in microprocessor based relay for those induction motors whose load varies below & above 40%. 3. Because of good performance of motors at constant voltage it is proposed to keep constant voltage at motor terminal as voltage fluctuations are much in steel industry. 4. To reduce cable losses use of another same size cable in parallel, replacement the existing cable with large size cable or 30-40% power factor correction equipment is proposed to connect at load terminal. 5. Replacement of all filament lamps is proposed with LED energy efficient lamp in all control panels of motors. 6. Replacement of specific conventional transformer such as 1.6 KVA, 2 KVA, 2.5 KVA, 3 KVA & 4 KVA are proposed with energy efficient transformer to reduce losses. Re-scheduling of distribution transformer is also proposed to reduce losses by load sharing. An indoor conventional type distribution transformer is also proposed to replace with a cast resin dry type transformer. 7. A separate lightening feeder is also proposed for main lightening as well as street lightening and also proposed to operate all lightening circuit at 215 Volt by using servo voltage stabilizer. 8. A neutral compensator is also proposed for uneven distribution of load as there is different phase to neutral voltage and heavy return current flow in neutral line. 9. Selection of pump should be as per requirement of flow and head as well as it should be based on BEP curve so that the energy can be saved. Identified pumps should be controlled through variable frequency drive. To save energy the pumps do require periodic maintenance. 10. There must be provision of energy management system (EMS) in the organization so that there can be increase in productivity and desired target can be achieved with system reliability and improvement in energy utilization.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE student

2011-04-19T00:33:00.000-07:00

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF QUEUING DISCIPLINES FOR NETWORKS By Navjot Kaur,cse

Abstract
With rapid growth of internet, customers are demanding multimedia applications to be available on internet. The Network should maintain a good QoS (Quality of Service) to provide satisfactory results to the user. As congestion increases, the performance of network decades. To avoid congestion various queuing disciplines are used which assigns priorities to different applications to enhance the network performance. In scheduling data packets over the network, queue service disciplines are used to determine service priority, delay bound, jitter bound and bandwidth. The main function of the queuing discipline is to control how packets enqueued on that particular link. The queuing disciplines can be used to control which packets get transmitted (bandwidth allocation) and which packets get dropped (buffer space).The various queuing disciplines that are used to transmit packets are: FIFO (First In first out), PQ (Priority queue), WFQ (Weighted Fair Queue), CQ (Custom Queue), MDRR (Modified Deficit Weighted Round Robin), MWRR (multicast weighted Round Robin) and DWRR (Deficit Weighted Round robin). Comparative investigation on different queuing disciplines has been investigated. The present work emphasis on how CSFQ and FRED queuing disciplines controls and enqueues incoming packets on the particular link available. From the simulation results, it has been analyzed that Core Stateless Queuing Discipline receives more packets as compared to Flow Random Early Drop mechanism and shows minimum delay. The simulation results are carried out by NS-2. CSFQ and several other algorithms are analysed on wide variety of conditions. CSFQ achieve a significant degree of fairness in all of these circumstances. It is comparable or superior to FRED, and vastly better than the baseline cases of RED and FIFO

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE student

2011-04-18T03:01:00.000-07:00

OPTIMIZATION OF GAIN AND VSWR OF HELICAL ANTENNA FOR DIFFERENT OPERATING FREQUENCIES USING GENETIC ALGORITHM By Mnadeep Kaur,Electronics

Abstract This thesis is concerned with optimization of helical antenna and investigations on gain and VSWR at different operating frequencies. The helical antennas are designed with its geometrical parameters like length, number of turns, base radius and tip radius. These antennas can work up to so many ranges of frequencies with the considerations of its applications.Helical antennas have long been popular in applications from VHF to microwaves requiring circular polarization, since they have the unique property of naturally providing circularly polarized radiation. One area that takes advantage of this property is satellite communications. It may also be used as a feed for a parabolic dish for higher gains. So main advantage of helical antenna is that the dimensions are not critical.The genetic algorithm (GA) is used to design and optimized helical antennas that provide a significantly larger bandwidth than conventional helices with the same size. Over the bandwidth of operation, the GA-optimized helix offers considerably smaller axial-ratio and slightly higher gain than the conventional helix. Also, the input resistance remains relatively constant over the bandwidth. On the other hand, for nearly the same bandwidth and gain, the GA-optimized helix offers a size reduction of 2:1 relative to the conventional helix. Optimization techniques are used to either synthesize an antenna from given radiation characteristics or simply improve existing antenna designs. The genetic algorithm is a robust, stochastic search method that models its processes after the principles of natural selection and evolution. These genetic algorithms are very useful for finding optimum antenna designs that maximize or minimize certain radiation properties.The helical antenna provides circular polarization and relatively constant gain and input impedance over a wide frequency range when operating in the axial mode. There are many variations in geometrical parameters of the helix that have been studied to improve the axial ratio, bandwidth, gain, voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) and size.In this work helical antenna is designed using geometrical parameters at desired frequency. Then those geometrical parameters are varied to get optimized value of gain and further performance of helical antenna is analyzed. Size of any antenna is a matter of concern as in the recent developments and applications like in Wi-Fi devices in small size satellites. Earlier the work was done on optimization of helical antenna using genetic algorithm with the use of NEC2 software but in this work genetic algorithm is used with Super NEC simulation. The antenna design and optimization is performed in Super NEC software using GA optimizer. The simulation results have attained gain of 11.95 to 13.07 dB and VSWR<1.5 on different operating frequencies.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from cse Student

2011-04-18T02:59:00.000-07:00

MOBILITY:AWARE CACHE MANAGEMENT IN WIRELESS ENVIRONMENT By Gagandeep Kaur,cse

Abstract In infrastructure wireless environments, a base station provides communication links between mobile client and remote servers. Placing a proxy cache at the base station is an effective way of managing the wireless Internet bandwidth efficiently. However, in the situation of non-uniform heavy traffic, requests of all the mobile clients in the service area of the base station may cause overload in the cache. If the proxy cache has to release some cache space for the new mobile client in the environment, overload occurs. In this thesis, we propose a novel cache management strategy to decrease the penalty of overloaded traffic on the proxy and to reduce the number of remote accesses by increasing the cache hit ratio. We predict the number of overload ahead of time based on its history and adapt the cache for the heavy traffic to be able to provide continuous and fair service to the current mobile clients and incoming ones.We have tested the algorithms over a real implementation of the cache management system in presence of fault tolerance and security. For experiment, we have used 12 Wireless machines divided into 3 networks. In our cache replacement algorithm, mobility of the clients, predicted overload number, size of the cached packets and their access frequencies are considered altogether. Performance results show that our cache management strategy outperforms the existing policies with less number of overloads and higher cache hit ratio.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from PROD Student

2011-04-15T01:36:00.000-07:00

MINIMISATION OF WASTE USING LEAN TOOLS:A CASE STUDY OF TRACTOR INDUSTRY By Paramdeep Singh,Production

Abstract Lean manufacturing is an end to end collection of processes that create value for the customer. In lean manufacturing, the value of product is defined solely by the customer. The goal of lean manufacturer is to reduce the wastage in any form viz. in human effort, inventory and time to market, space and process on components to become highly responsive to customer demand. A tractor industry is an effective management of the flow of products and services through the series of the activities involved in creating value to the customer. The road map of journey is known as the value stream. The aim of the research using value stream mapping was to identify all types of non value added wastes in the value stream and to take actions to try to eliminate these wastes. The present research mainly focused on the description of a model that was developed to contrast the “before” and “after” scenarios in detail in order to obtain various benefits such as reduced production lead time and lower work in process inventory.The current manufacturing system has been compared with the proposed pull system which shows the benefits of the proposed lean manufacturing system over the existing traditional manufacturing system. The development of present research work has been done using Igrafx software which calculates needed production time to meet customer demands and quickly identify the process steps that are not aligned with takt time. IGrafx software has been used for making current state and future state value stream mapping. The present research work has been carried out at a Tractor industry which shows 50.5% reduction in total lead time in the future state value mapping of the crank case and the number of operators involved in processing of crank case has also been reduced from 22 to 18.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE Student

2011-04-11T01:16:00.000-07:00

DESIGN OF FRACTAL ANTEENA By Namrata Lamba,Electronics

Abstract A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses a fractal, self-similar design to maximize the length, or increase the perimeter (on inside sections or the outer structure) of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation within a given total surface area or volume. A good example of a fractal antenna as a spacefilling curve which is in the form of a shrunken fractal helix. Here, each line of copper is just small fraction of a wavelength.A fractal is a rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be subdivided in parts, each of which is a reduced-size copy of the whole. Fractals are generally self-similar and independent of size scaling. Due to this we come upon the amazing realization that a fractal shaped metal element can be used as an antenna over a very large band of frequencies. There are many mathematical structures that are fractals; e.g. Sierpinski’s gasket, Cantor’s comb, von Koch’s snowflake, the Mandelbrot set, the Lorenz attractor, et al. Fractals also describe many real-world objects, such as clouds, mountains, turbulence, and coastlines that do not correspond to simple geometric shapes. The terms fractal and fractal dimension are due to Mandelbrot, who is the person most often associated with the mathematics of fractals (Mandelbrot, 1983). We can trace the origins of fractal theory, though he did not name it, to Helge Von Koch. In 1904 von Koch devised a curve that does not have a tangent anywhere. The curve defined by Von Koch is the basis for a class of fractals that bears his name. Also of importance to the early development of fractals (even before they were named by Mandelbrot) is the work of the English meteorologist Lewis Fry Richardson, who studied the relation between the perimeter of an island and the scale of the measurement use to measure it. All of this work builds on the point-set theory put forth by George Cantor (1870) .Mandelbrot included a definition of fractal dimension (of a geometric object) when he first talked about the concept of fractal in 1977. This definition, based on one given by Hausdorff in 1919, involves a limit process. Basically, it is the change in object size vs. the change in measurement scale, as the measurement scale approaches zero. Logarithms are used for both size and scale. (a) Dragon curve (b) Mengersponge (c) Volcano

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from IND Student

2011-04-07T03:26:00.000-07:00

IMPLEMENTATION OF WORK SAMPLING TECHNIQUE TO INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY:A CASE STUDY By Janender Kumar,Industrial

Abstract In global as well as in domestic market, survival of industries is becoming more tougher due to competition and under utilization of available resources. So, need arises in industries to remove the obstacles, which are the reasons of lower productivity / under utilization of capacity. In manufacturing organizations, the work improvement can be effectively carried out by means of low cost modification in the existing work process and work station design. Proper utilization of available resources like labour, space and machines are quite necessary. No. of techniques are available which can be used to increase the utilisation of available resources. Work study is an important tool in productivity improvement in industrial organisations, especially if the company wants to survive and cope with present day market competition. Work study is a generic term for those techniques particularly method study and work measurement which are used in examination of human work in all its context and which lead systematically to investigation of all factors which effect the efficiency.Work sampling is one of the technique of work measurement which is used to identify the working and idle time, on basis of observation taken. In this study, an attempt is made to reduce the idle time for enhancing productivity. The study is done in Swastik Industries at Kaithal (Haryana). It is engaged in manufacturing of submersible pumps. Two sections of the company were selected for study namely, m/c section – I & m/c & assembly section – II. After preliminary study with work sampling technique, it was observed that actual utilization of available resources of m/c section -1 is 68 % and for m/c & assembly section –II is 77.87 % respectively. On the basis of available data, these sections of plant were considered for analysis as there was scope of improvement. It observed that productivity was increased from 68% to 80.65% of m/c section –I and from 77.87% to 83.54% of m/c & assembly section –II.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from IND Student

2011-04-01T03:17:00.000-07:00

QUALITY OF GROUND WATER AND ITS IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTH:A CASE STUDY OF LOHIAN BLOCK By Sewa Singh,Industrial

Abstract Pollution all around the world is a major health hazard for the human society and animals. Most of the rural population in India is solely depended on ground water, which is depleting at a fast rate because of polluted natural resources. Lack of awareness and carelessness of modern civilization about the importance and scarcity of these resources, are behind the scenario. Due to human negligence the development of mankind has also given birth to such an elevated level of pollution, in this series of development the industrialization in Punjab has adversely affected the surface water sources of the state. The world is now awakening on these issues so as to reduce the rate of depletion of natural resources and hence the hazard to the society by creating awareness about the situation. Present Study is an attempt to assess the drinking water quality and its impacts on human health in the rural area of block Lohian khas, in district Jalandhar of Doaba region. Samples of ground water from five villages have been taken and tested. The water sample analysis report shows that 65% have excessive fluoride (>1 mg/L), 100% have excessive Turbidity (> 5NTU*), 55% have excessive Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) (>500 mg/L), and 10% have excessive Total Hardness (>600 mg/L). For this study 300 respondents were selected from these villages to assess the impact of drinking water quality. It has been observed that Premature graying of hair (52%), Hair fall (53%), Typhoid (45%), Fever (60%), Yellowish teeth (69%), Joint pain (56%), Diarrhea (64%) are the major diseases prevailing in the region. To validity the data education, income, age and occupation were found significantly associated with awareness about the sources of pollution at 5% level. *Nephlometric Turbidity Unit

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from IND Student

2011-04-01T01:39:00.000-07:00

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR STATISTICALLY CONTROLLED RAPID MOULDING SOLUTION OF PLASTICS USING FDM By Ishpreet Singh,Industrial

Abstract FDM Rapid Prototyping- FDM also known as Fused Deposition Modeling is layered manufacturing process. In this process a thin bead of molten plastic is extruded through the computer controlled nozzle, which is deposited on a layer-by-layer basis to construct a prototype directly from 3D CAD data, is being widely used in diverse areas from the building of aesthetic prototypes to the production of tools and moulds for technological prototypes. Purpose- The purpose of the present study is to experimentally investigate statistically controlled rapid moldings (RM) solutions for plastic components using Fused Deposition Modeling. Design/methodology- Starting from the identification of component/benchmark, prototypes of ABS plastic material were prepared, at different orientations. Measurements on the coordinate measuring machine helped in calculating the dimensional tolerances of the components prepared. Some important mechanical properties were also compared to verify the suitability of the components.Findings-The research proved that the best orientation and support material quantity for the selected component from dimensional accuracy and economic point of view as RM solution for plastic components. Final components prepared are acceptable as per ISO standard UNI EN 20286-I (1995) and DIN16901.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from PROD Student

2011-03-29T22:30:00.000-07:00

PATTERN DEVELOPMENT FOR HAND TOOL DIE WITH FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING:A CASE SYUDY By H. K. Garg,Production

Abstract Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a relatively new prototyping technique in which parts can be produced rapidly and accurately. The component produced by FDM can be utilized for investment casting or it can be used for development of dies. The present work started with the identification of the bench mark/component. Prototypes were built with ABS plastic material and measurements were made on the co-ordinate measuring machine from which IT grades were calculated to check the dimensional accuracy of the components. The purpose of this study is to find whether the FDM process is capable of producing a pattern for manufacturing a die for hand tool with good dimensional accuracy. The study involves best settings of machine by varying the part orientations and studying the effect on the consumption of the model material, support material and the time taken for production. Morphology of the components at various orientations was also studied to give an insight to the quality of the product produced at various orientations. Measured mechanical properties like micro hardness indicated the suitability of the process. Final components produced are acceptable as per ISO standard UNI EN 20286-I (1995) and DIN16901.The results of study suggest FDM process lies within ± 6 sigma and value of cp, cpk is greater than 1 which conforms that FDM process is highly capable process for industrial applications.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from IND Student

2011-03-29T22:26:00.000-07:00

ERGONOMICAL IMPROVEMENT OF SHOE CARTON LIFTING TASKS USING MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION By Gurdeep Singh,Industrail

Abstract Footwear industry is India’s major export oriented industry employing a large number of workers. Shoe-carton lifting is a tedious job carried out frequently in the packing department of the shoe factories. It is observed that shoe carton lifters are prone to musculo-skeletal disorders especially low back pain as the job demand of this task exceeds human capabilities. These musculoskeletal disorders (pain in back, neck, shoulders and upper limbs) occur mainly due to awkward postures and high load handling wherein repetitive lifting, bending, and twisting motions of the torso lead to lower back pain of workers. In such an adverse conditions prevailing over there; the shoe-carton lifting tasks need to be studied and redesigned to make the work practices safer by reducing the stresses placed on the soft tissues of the body to acceptable limits making the work within safer limits and simultaneously maintaining the required productivity levels. It can be well achieved by designing proper workplace designs for shoe-carton lifting tasks using ergonomic interventions taking into consideration the workplace constraints and safety and production constraints too. This can be taken as a multi-objective optimization problem with two objectives – maximization of productivity and maximization of safety of workers. In the present work, Genetic Algorithm (GA), a form of evolutionary computation, is applied to address the problem of designing safe lifting tasks within the constraints of the work place using the NIOSH Revised Work Practices Guide for Manual Lifting as its design criteria. The present work demonstrate the procedure and outcome of ergonomically developed population of solutions serving as feasible solution set for 5 different shoe factories. These solution sets represents multiple groups of lifting parameters adapted to the productivity and safety requirements set by the ergonomist for different shoe factories. The results obtained are feasible for their implementation as ergonomically designed shoe-carton lifting tasks in their respective firms and upon their implementation are able to maximize the productivity of firm in the form of available extra time with the workers by reducing the time taken by each worker for the given specific task. They are also able to maximize the safety of workers as indicated by Lifting Index (LI) criteria; as upon successful intervention of ergonomically designed shoe-carton lifting tasks the LI ranging in Severe danger zone (Above 3) is successfully reduced to be within safer limits (LI = 1 or less).

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE Student

2011-03-07T22:27:00.000-08:00

CONVOLUTIONAL CODE ENCODER DESIGN USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION By Poonam,Electronics

Abstract
In modern digital communication system, error control technology is usually used for reliable communication. Convolutional code was first introduced by Peter Elias in 1995. Convolutional code is used as error correcting code in a wide variety of communication and recording systems. Convolutional code is frequently used to correct error in noisy channel. It has good correcting capability and performs well on bad channels (with error probability of about 10-3). Unlike the block code, convolutional code is not a memory less device. Convolutional code encoder consists of shift registers and mod-2 adders..Even though convolutional code accepts a fixed number of message symbols and produce a fixed number of code symbols. Its computation depends not only on the current set of input symbols but also on some of previous input symbols. The performance of convolutional code depends upon the connections between shift registers and mod-2 adders. So the particular connection combination affects the error correcting capability of convolutional code. Convolutional code has many encoder structures (outputs connection with shift registers). The complexity of convolutional code encoder structure increased with the number of states. We have investigated that the PSO algorithm finds to be the best connections for convolutional code encoder.
PSO algorithm has some good features such as good diversity, wide searching area and strong global optimize capability. So the best convolutional code encoder structure based upon particles swarm optimization algorithm is presented in this paper.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from PROD Student

2011-03-07T01:03:00.000-08:00

EFFECT OF DEEP CRYOGENIC TREATMENT ON THE ELECTRODE LIFE OF RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING By Upkar Singh Sidhu,Production

Abstract
Resistance spot welding is the main joining method of assembling auto body, but spot welding of galvanized steel sheets is still problematic because of rapid electrode wear and short electrode life. Between one-half and three-quarters of the cost of a spot weld is the electrode cost. Greater savings would be realized if the electrode’s life could be improved. Electrode life is defined as the number of welds made with a pair of electrodes, while maintaining weld button diameters above a specified minimum value. For many years, to improve electrode life for spot welding, many researchers have been looking for various types of ways to improve the thermal physical properties and electrical conductivity of electrodes, such as developing new copper alloy materials, changing the properties of the electrode surface and developing high-quality complex materials, etc. However, all of these are limited or costly. Deep cryogenic treatment technology is applied for the treatment of electrodes for spot welding galvanized steel plates to improve electrode life. Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction is used to check the microstructure and element distribution of cryogenic treated and non-cryogenic treated electrodes.
The present experimental work has been undertaken with the following objective.
1) Experimentations to investigate the effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the electrode life of resistance spot welding.
Design of experiments is employed for conducting experiments on spot welding machine and analyzing the data. The experimental results indicate that the deep cryogenic treatment of the electrodes causes the grains to rearrange and settle into a more compact structure. The grain size is also found to be smaller than in non cryogenic treated electrodes. Electrode life is considerably enhanced after cryogenic treatment

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE Student

2011-03-07T00:54:00.000-08:00

COMPUTATIONAL MODEL FOR PROKARYOTIC AND KUKARYOTIC GENE PREDICTION By Sandeep Kaur,cse

Abstract
The research in bioinformatics has accumulated large amount of data. As the hardware technology is advancing, the cost of storing is decreasing. The biological data is available in different formats and is comparatively more complex. Knowledge discovery from these large and complex databases is a key problem of this era. Data mining and machine learning techniques are needed which can be scaled to the size of the problems and can be used for the prediction of the sequences. The main purpose of this research work is to predict the class of gene from the input DNA sequence by using the clustering algorithm that works at back-end. Input DNA sequence is spliced and open reading are identified. For identification of consensus sequences various data for the consensus sequence is collected and data mining algorithm is applied for creation of clusters. Identifying open reading frames in intermediate step and gene density is calculated at the end. GC content is usually expressed as a percentage value. This model saves the implementation time, as whole of the database is present online the sequence to be predicted is just taken from any of the online available databases. Several experiments have been done where the parameters of gene prediction are changed manually. The performance has been tested on different unknown DNA sequences found on the internet

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE Student

2011-02-24T20:06:00.000-08:00

PREDICTING HUMAN PROTEIN FUNCTION BASED ON DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING USING DECISION TREE By Simarjit Kaur,cse

Abstract
Drug discovery is today’s frontier of science. Numerous changes are now occurring in pharmaceutical industry, not just in the way that industry is perceived, but also in rapid expansion of biomedical and drug discovery. The task of discovering safe and effective drugs is more promising as our knowledge of disease increases. Before any potential new medicine can be discovered, scientists work to understand the disease to be treated as well as possible, and to unravel the underlying cause of the condition. They try to understand how the genes are altered, how that affects the proteins they encode and how those proteins interact with each other in living cells, how those affected cells change the specific tissue they are in and finally how the disease affects the entire patient. This knowledge is the basis for treating the problem. In present work, CART classifier proposed for classifying large data set with the help of distributed processing. Decision trees are effective classification algorithms. Each attribute of the data is examined in turned and ranked according to its ability to partition the remaining data. The data are propagated along the branches of the tree until sufficient attributes have been chosen to correctly classify them. Each leaf of the tree represents a subset of the data that lies wholly in one class. Decision trees have a tendency to over-ﬁt the training data. The classifier is executed in distributed environment. The accuracy of prediction comes out to be 80%. It is better than the previous techniques. The timing diagrams are also shown with respect to the CPU time taken.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from EE Student

2011-02-23T01:14:00.000-08:00

SMART METERING THE COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS:A CASE STUDY By Reena Brar,Electrical

Abstract
State utilities have been striving hard to improve revenue collection and manage load and demand so that they can extend the best possible support to their customers. A major omission is the neglect of demand-side management (DSM) opportunities in India. Demand side management improves quality of supply and strengthens the electrical system, resulting in higher consumer satisfaction. Another problem faced by the utilities is the huge overhead of meter reading, billing, bill distribution, payment collection, warning to defaulters’ disconnections and handling consumer grievances. These activities involve considerable amount of time and effort, which add to the already high overheads. Implementation of prepayment metering, remote control and AMR (advanced metering technology, also known as Smart Metering) can play a major role in resolving the problems. The development of smart meters allows individual consumers to take part in the process of energy saving. Smart meter is a type of advanced meter that identifies consumption in more detail than a conventional meter; and optionally, but generally communicates that information via some network back to the local utility for monitoring and billing purposes. It has three basic functions: measure the electricity used (or generated), remotely switch the customer off and remotely control the maximum electricity consumption. The electricity meter communicates by means of a modem. An important characteristic is the communication infrastructure used by the smart meter for this communication. Amongst the possibilities are Power Line Carrier (PLC, using the existing electricity grid); a wireless modem (GSM of GPRS). Smart meters can provide reliable and timely consumption data readily usable in energy Management programs to help reduce costs and associated carbon emissions. Such meters can also eliminate problems associated with estimated bills and the potential consequences of not being able to correctly forecast and manage energy budgets. It is believed that billing customers by how much is consumed and at what time of day will force consumers to adjust their consumption habits to be more responsive to market prices. Prepaid metering is a system whereby consumers purchase electricity through a smart card. The amount paid together with other information is encoded in the smart card. In order to transfer the credit, the consumer inserts the card in the meter. The meter reads the data and when the paid for energy has been used up, the consumer gets the card reloaded/ reprogrammed. The system has the capability of programming with multiple rates, time of use tariffs, etc. Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) and Remote Meter Reading (RMR) describes various systems that allow meters to be checked without the need to send a meter reader out. Monitoring of consumption patterns to detect theft/ tampering of meters is possible with these types of meters. The remote metering unit may be the RTU (Receiving Transmitting Unit), which receives the pulses generated by the electronic meters and is connected to the Central PC (Personal Computer) Station through a communication system which could be PLC (Programmable Logic Control), public switched telephone network, radio, etc. This thesis work presents possibilities of implementing the system for prepaid metering , remote control and automatic meter reading in Distribution Utilities in Punjab. Conception and structure of new system is illustrated. Advantages of new meter reading system over conventional system, like reducing the costs due to unpaid electric energy, non-technical losses, improving the quality of delivered electric energy and possibility of load control are pointed out. On an example of Janta Nagar Substation, Ludhiana, cost benefit analysis for wide-scale implementation of new prepaid, remote control and automatic meter reading in a distribution grid has been outlined.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from EE Student

2011-02-15T21:55:00.000-08:00

IMPACT OF INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCTION AT DISTRIBUTION LEVEL ON OVERALL TARIFF By Ashwani Bawa,Power

Abstract
The Sun is a reliable, non-polluting and inexhaustible source of energy. Since the beginning of life on earth, the energy that was received by all living forms was radiated from the sun. Now it is the time that the mankind has to again depend and rely upon the sun as the main source of energy. With rapid rise in energy prices, over pollution, depletion of resources and environment degradation the awareness for limited resources around the world has increased dramatically. The thesis gives idea regarding the impact of independent power production on overall tariff using solar power plant at domestic level. The impact is measured by supplying power from solar power plant during peak hours and from grid for rest of hours in a day. The above analysis is divided in to three steps. 1st step the analysis of unit consumption and tariff paid for one year (2010) is analyzed, 2nd step analysis of unit consumption and tariff paid for 20 years (2010-2029) for fixed load and 20% hike in rate per unit per year is analyzed & 3rd step analysis of unit consumption and tariff paid for twenty year (2010-2029) for 10% hike in load per year and 20% hike in rate per unit per year is analyzed .At last the comparison of savings with solar power plants is analyzed.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from cse Student

2011-02-02T22:08:00.000-08:00

COMPRESSION OF 2D IMAGES USING IN PLACE MODIFIED FAST HAAR WAVELET TRANSFORM By Kiran Arora,cse
Abstract
The rapid increase of digital imaging applications, including desktop publishing, multimedia, teleconferencing, and high-definition television (HDTV) has enlarged the necessity for effective and standardized image compression techniques. The purpose of image compression is to attain a very low bit rate representation, while preserving a high visual quality of decompressed images. Wavelets are mathematical tools for hierarchically decomposing functions. Wavelet Transform has been proved to be an extremely valuable tool for image processing in recent years. Since the Haar Transform is memory efficient, closely reversible without the edge effects, it is fast and uncomplicated. As such the Haar Transform technique is broadly used these days in wavelet analysis. The most distinguishing characteristic of Haar Transform lies in the fact that it lends itself easily to uncomplicated manual calculations. Fast Haar Transform is one of the algorithms which can decrease the tedious work of calculations. FHT involves addition, subtraction and division by 2. The Modified Fast Haar Wavelet Transform (MFHWT) approach can be extended for 2D images. Modified Fast Haar Wavelet Transform (MFHWT), is one of the algorithms which can lessen the calculation work in Haar Transform (HT) and Fast Haar Transform (FHT). The present work attempts to describe the algorithm for image compression using In-Place MFHWT and shows comparable results than those obtained by using any other method on an average and also consider about memory utilization during the process of compression. In-Place MFHWT performs faster on images of larger sizes.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from EE Student

2011-02-02T22:05:00.000-08:00

RELIABILITY EVALUATION OF THERMAL GENERATING UNIT USING FAULT TREE ANALYSIS APPROACH By Gurpreet Kaur,Power
Abstrat
The focus of this thesis work is to calculate the reliability of one of the units of a thermal generating plant. Reliability evaluation is based on practical data taken from the thermal generating unit considered for case study. The failure data for one year has been collected and thoroughly analyzed to segregate the most intensive failure reasons. Based on these critical failure reasons, fault-tree analysis for the problem has been done. Then, reliability of thermal generating unit has been evaluated using successive path technique. The results show the poor performance capability of the unit. To improve its performance, to enhance the reliability and to decrease the failure time, certain recommendations have been made.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from EE Student

2011-01-26T20:01:00.000-08:00

ANALYSIS OF POWER SYSTEM FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF FAULT USING MATLAB PROGRAMMING By Harvinder Singh,Electrical

Abstract
For reliable and safe operation of a power system and proper utilization of its resources require quick and fast protection of each and every equipment of power system. It is necessary to make power system healthy, reliable and efficient, power system must be protected against flow of heavy short circuit currents, which can cause permanent damage to major equipment by disconnecting the faulty part of the system by means of circuit breakers operated by protecting relaying. For proper choice of circuit breakers and protecting relaying, we must estimate the magnitude of currents that would flow under faulty condition.A number of algorithms have been suggested for calculating faulted voltage and line flows. In the present work, MATLAB software is used to simulate the results of various type of fault occurs on higher order bus power system. An algorithm based methodology has been used to calculate faulted bus voltages and line flows. These calculations are used for the selection of circuit breakers.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE Student

2011-01-26T19:41:00.000-08:00

AN APPROACH TO DESIGN OF ULTRA HIGH SPEED RECEIVERS By Prasenjit Sinha,Electronics

Abstract
Future broadband optical multi-access networks require fast packet switching to support multimedia applications. New fiber optic systems utilizing burst-mode transmission and reception are presently being developed for numerous point-to-multipoint communication systems, including passive optic networks (PON's), LANs, WANs and other computer networks. Such systems typically use a time division multiple access protocol, in which bursts of information are transmitted from remote nodes to the central office (in case of PON) or from one node to another on the optical bus. The bursts arrive to the receiver and show large variations in optical powers and relative phases. It is therefore necessary to have receivers which can adapt instantaneously and accurately to these variations on packet-to-packet basis. A large dynamic range, high sensitivity and low cost of the receiver are desirable.

In the present work, a mathematical model has been developed to evaluate the BER performance of these receivers taking the effect of random noise as well as charging/discharging parameters of the peak detector into consideration. L number of 1’s are used as preamble for establishing the threshold. These preamble bits are assumed to be affected by the random Gaussian. So the distribution of the values of the threshold voltages will be similar to that of the distribution of the values corresponding to logical 1’s of the preamble. The threshold setting will also vary when a long string of consecutive 0’s arrive in the incoming data due to discharging of the capacitor of peak detector. Hence there are errors in detecting the incoming data. The average threshold is determined for a particular bit position in the consecutive string of 0’s. This expression of threshold is then used in the BER equation of the receiver. This equation also includes the noise-corrupted threshold. Hence the effect of both the noise and the parameters of the receiver is included in the model.The coded data has better error performance than the uncoded data. A large value discharging parameter K degrades the error performance of both types of data. A large preamble will ensure less errors only if K is not too large.A mathematical model to analyze the error performance of burst-mode optical receiver has been developed in terms of the random Gaussian noise and the parameters of the receiver. The model is applicable for both uncoded NRZ data and 4B5B/5B6B line encoded data. Encoded data has better error performance than uncoded data for the same values of the decay parameter (K) and the length of preamble field (L). Both types of coded data (4B5B and 5B6B) used in this work give similar error performance.The burst mode receiver has sensitivity penalty as compared to conventional receivers due to noise-effected threshold and charging/discharging parameters of the peak detector.A large value of parameter K (or a small τf) degrades the BER performance seriously. This effect is more significant for uncoded data. A longer preamble does not provide any significant BER improvement over four or five preamble bits. Hence the decay parameter K has significant effect on the error performance of burst-mode receivers. The results show that for uncoded as well encoded data, the BER penalty is independent of the length of the preamble field when the discharging time is finite. The value of the decay parameter (K) over which the penalty becomes independent of the length of preamble is smaller for uncoded data (0.10), than for encoded data (0.15). This is due to much smaller length of the consecutive 0’s in encoded data.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from Prod Student

2011-01-17T02:13:00.000-08:00

IMPLEMENTING LEAN MANUFACTURING USING VALUE STREAM MAPPING IN AN AGRICULTURE LINKAGE PART MANUFACTURING ORGANIZATION:A CASE STUDY By Amandeep Singh,Production

Abstract
The philosophy of lean manufacturing is to organize the overall business processes so as to deliver products with greater variety and superior quality using fewer resources. The Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is a tool created by the lean manufacturing movement for redesigning the manufacturing systems. This study addresses the implementation of lean manufacturing in an agriculture linkage part manufacturing organization. Using value stream concepts, both current and future state maps of the organization’s shop floor scenarios have been discussed to identify sources of waste between the existing state and the proposed state of the selected organization to improve its competitiveness. After comparison of the current and future states of the selected manufacturing unit, it has been found that 58.45% reduction in cycle time, 18.26% reduction in work in-process inventory and 24.56% reduction in production lead times for Replacement Ball product. While for Weldon Ball End product, 51.87% reduction in cycle time, 21.51% reduction in work in-process inventory, 25.88% reduction in lead time has been noted.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE Student

2011-01-03T20:11:00.000-08:00

DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FRACTAL PATCH ANTENNA WITH PLANAR FEEDS By Isha Verma

Abstract
A key component of a wireless link is the antenna which efficiently couples electromagnetic energy from the transmitter to free space and from free space to the receiver. A proper design of this part is necessary for the efficient coupling of the energy from the circuit to the free space and vice-versa. With the advances of wireless communication systems and increasing importance of other wireless applications, wideband and low profile antennas are in great demand for both commercial and military applications. Moreover, some of the applications also require that an antenna be embedded into the airframe structure. ‘Fractals’ were first defined by Benoit Mandelbrot in 1975 as a way of classifying structures whose dimensions were not whole numbers. Fractals represent a class of geometry with very unique properties that can be enticing for antenna designers. While Euclidean geometries are limited to points, lines, sheets and volumes, fractal include the geometries that fall between these distinctions. Therefore, a fractal can be a line that approaches a sheet. The line can meander in such a way as to effectively almost fill the entire sheet.
Fractal geometry involves a recursive generating methodology that results in contours with infinitely intricate fine structures. These contours are able to add more electrical length in less volume. For antennas, this means that we can reap the rewards of miniaturizing an antenna using fractals without paying the price of having to manufacture an infinitely complex radiator. The reason for this intricacy is that the fundamental building blocks of fractals are scaled versions of the fractal shape. In antenna theory, Fractals have appeared as fractal electrodynamics, in which fractal geometry is combined with electromagnetic theory for the purpose of investigating a new class of radiation, propagation and scattering problem. Method of synthesis and design of arbitrary fractal antennas is based on using special generating element. It is simple geometry fragment: segment of broken line, quadrate, triangle, circle, tree, more complicated figure, etc. Design iterative process of the fractal antennas is a replacement of every part of the base element by the whole generating element. There are three distinct features that are explored in this work for designing fractal antennas. First, the self-similar nature in the fractal geometry is utilized for operating a fractal antenna at various frequencies. For fractal geometries the input resistance of antennas are typically hard to match by coaxial probe feeding therefore I used two types of feeds Co-planar waveguide (CPW) feed and Microstrip line feed to the fractal design. Furthermore, the CPW is easily implemented on a single microstrip substrate without the ground plane. Unique feature of a CPW feed for a microstrip antenna is that the entire structure resides on the upper plane of the substrate. The Microstrip Line feed consists of printing a trace from and edge of the patch to the edge of the dielectric substrate. This makes the attachment of a connector very simple and can change the impedance of the antenna, allowing some matching to be performed. In the first stage I designed the Patch Antenna using Fractal geometry and then in the next stages, two types of feeds are applied to the geometry, respectively. The performance comparisons in terms of various antenna parameters are done for the two types of feeds. Comparison between results verifies the new design idea and characteristics.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from cse Student

2011-01-03T20:06:00.000-08:00

PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF VARIOUS TRAFFIC TYPES IN 802.11 BASED WIRELESS MESH NETWORK By Jatinder S. Saini,cse

Abstract
Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged as a key technology for next-generation wireless networking. Because of their advantages over other wireless networks, WMNs are undergoing speedy progress and inspiring frequent applications. However, many practical issues still exist in this field. Many Routing protocols are used to implement routing policies in WMN. But many of these require lot of modification to improve the performance of network. In AODV route is discovered before transferring the data from source to destination. With this mechanism the source node finds the route to the destination. A node that needs to transmit packets checks for an existing route to the destination. If it does not have the route, it broadcasts the (RREQ) containing the address of destination and its own address on the header of the packet. This route discovery process takes large amount of time to discover new route in AODV. During route discovery process transmitted packets are stored in buffer and overflow packets are dropped from the network. This route discovery process requires some modification so that packet lose ratio can be reduced to enhance the performance of WMN.
Beside this WMN provides a promising alternative technology for PSDR communication, providing features such as broadband support, excellent resilience to failures, self-configuration capability. Wireless mesh networks particularly deployed for disaster management and expected to support real and non real time applications in most trying circumstances. Since Wireless mesh networks can be constructed using the well known IEEE 802.11 based hardware, hence this provides standards based and cost effective alternative.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from cse Student

2011-01-03T20:02:00.000-08:00

A NEW METHOD FOR IMAGE DENOISING BASED ON MULTIRESOLUTION TECHNIQUE By Amrit Kaur,cse

Abstract
The need for image denoising is encountered in many practical applications. The problem with the data acquisition process, imperfect instruments and interfering natural phenomena can all degrade the data of interest. Noise can also be introduced by transmission errors. Thus it is necessary to apply an efficient denoising technique to compensate for such data corruption. Image Denoising is a delicate and difficult task. There are various types of noise present in the images. But this thesis work concentrates on Gaussian Noise in natural gray scale images. Numerous methods for image denoising have been presented in the literature survey. The multiresolution technique i.e. curvelet transform has been employed as an efficient method in image denoising. The two phases for curvelet transform are analysis (decomposition) and synthesis (reconstruction). In the present work, a new denoising technique using hard threshold has been proposed based on curvelet transform and the results are compared with the other state of art noise reduction methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method is better than the other noise reduction methods in terms of quality metrics like Mean Square Error, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Structural SIMilarity index and reduces the Gaussian noise significantly while preserving features at the boundary of the image. The initial experiments show that the proposed approach could achieve higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) on images. It exhibits higher perceptual quality than wavelet based reconstructions and even it adapts well to sharp discontinuities in an image. The proposed algorithm exhibits promising results from quantitatively and qualitatively points of view.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from Prod Student

2010-12-06T02:12:00.000-08:00

ABRASIVE FLOW POLISHING TUNGSTEN CARBIDE WIRE DRAWING DIE By Raman Kumar,Production

Abstract
In the process of wire drawing, the desired wire diameter and quality of wire is achieved by drawing the wire through a die. Polishing work improves die life, surface quality, and production time. Insufficient polishing of a die is the major cause of poor wire quality and die life. Most of the polishing processes are being conducted manually by operators, on the basis of their skill and experience. Therefore, to improve productivity and to solve the potential shortage of skilled workers, automatic die polishing methods are required. In the present work abrasive flow machining, one of the advanced process for fine finishing of holes and cavities has been explored for die polishing. An experimental set up has been developed for polishing of dies. A carbide die used in wire drawing process has been taken as a specimen. The effect of potential parameters of AFM such as extrusion pressure and number of working cycle has been studied in order to check the possibility of application of AFM for die polishing. AFM polished dies and hand polished dies were compared on the basis of their performance in actual wire drawing machine. Results indicate that with increase in extrusion pressure and number of cycle surface finish improves. There is remarkable reduction in polishing time when dies were polished by AFM as compared to hand polishing. With abrasive flow polished die, improvement in surface finish was 56 % with time saving of 66 % as compared to hand polishing. Abrasive flow polished die gave better results as compared to hand polished die in actual wire drawing conditions. Surface produced by AFM is a superior wear surface than hand polished. On an average 10 % less deterioration of surface of AFM polished as compared to hand polished and 25% more increase in bearing diameter of hand polished die as compared to abrasive flow polished die.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from Civil Student

2010-12-06T02:08:00.000-08:00

DCPT BASED ESTIMATION OF CBR VALUE OF CLAYEY SOIL WITH SAND AND STONE DUST MIX by Tarsem Raj,civil

Abstract
Expansive soil undergoes appreciable volume changes corresponding to changes in moisture content and hence construction on such soil is problem of great concern to civil engineers. though there are number of construction techniques for treatment on expansive soil, amongst this stabilization of soil is commonly used in civil engg. Practice. Stone-Dust, which is a waste products for stone-crushers and quarries is posing threat to the environment causing health hazards. Other material, course sand is locally and economically available. When a soil mass is subjected to a compressive force, its volume decreases. This property of soils is known as the compressibility of the soil. This compression occurs due to one or more of following causes:-
1. Compression of soil particles and water in voids
2. Compression by expulsion of air in voids.
3. Compression due to expulsion of water from voids.
In the present study an attempt has been made to stabilize the expansive soils collected from Pathlawa village in Distt. Nawanshahr by using the local sand and stone dust. Mechanical stabilization proves to the cost effective and reliable solution for improving the properties of clayey soil. The clayey soil was chosen and check for compaction characteristics and CBR by varying the contents of stone dust and coarse sand. hence there will be an increase in load carrying capacity of the soil. Thus, stabilized soil with stone dust and sand contents proves to be suitable opposition materials for civil engineering students, such as construction of embankment, highways, runways. Further adding to my study is the, Dynamic Cone Penetration Test based evaluation of CBR value of the same material, that is mix of virgm soil, coarse sand and stone dust in different proportion. California bearing Ratio (CBR) is an indicator of subgrade soil strength. The subbase/ base thickness of pavements is governed by the CBR value of the subgrade soil alongwith some other parameters. The conventional CBR test methods expensive, time consuming and its reliability is low. Additionally, it is very difficult to mould the sample at the desired in situ density in the lab. Dynamic Cone penetration test conducted in the Lab filed can be used to estimate the CBR value, provided a suitable relationship exists between CBR and DCPT Value. In this study an attempt has been made to establish a relationship between DCPT value and CBR.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE Student

2010-12-01T20:26:00.000-08:00

DESIGN OF DUAL BAND ELLIPTICAL FRACTAL PATCH ANTENNA AND PARAMETER ESTIMATIN USING ARTIFICAL NEURAL NETWORKS By Pooja Arora,Electronics

Abstract
Today’s antenna systems demand versatility and unobtrusiveness. Operators are looking forsystems that can perform over several frequency bands or are reconfigurable as the demandson the system changes. Some applications require the antennas to be as miniaturized as possible.Fractal plays a prominent role for these requirements. Fractals have non-integral dimensions andtheir space filling capability could be used for miniaturizing antenna size and their property ofbeing self-similarity in the geometry leads to have antennas which have a large number ofresonant frequencies. Fractal antennas also have Multiband performance at non-harmonicfrequencies. Fractal antennas have improved Impedance, improved SWR (standing wave ratio)performance on a reduced physical area when compared to non fractal Euclidean geometries.Fractal antennas are lightweight, inexpensive, and easy to integrate with accompanyingelectronics.In this thesis, a small size dual - band fractal patch antenna with different iterations has beendesigned using Zealand’s IE3D software. The elliptical self-similar fractal antenna with differentiterations has been simulated and shows the different advantages of fractals. Zeroth iteration ofthis antenna or the base shape has outer ellipse from which an ellipse has been cut. First iterationhas been achieved by generating the base shape of reduced size and then combining with theshape of base geometry. Similarly second iteration has been a combination of reduced basegeometry and shape of first iteration. For these antennas different feeds could be used to providesignal to be transmitted. But in present work most popular feed i.e. Coaxial feed has been used tofeed the signal to antenna.The impedance matching of source at the feeding point of antenna is very important for efficientoperation of antenna. But it is not an easy task to achieve for even simple microstrip antennas.This problem is further complex in case of fractal antennas because of complex geometry ofdifferent iterations. To solve this problem an Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) model has beenproposed in this Thesis. Artificial Neural Network is a highly simplified model of the structure ofthe biological neural network. It consists of interconnected processing unitsIt has been observed using simulation that the proposed fractal antenna is a dual band antenna.The base ellipse which is also called 0th iteration has single dominated fundamental resonancefrequency. The first and second fractal iteration has two resonant frequency bands. In addition tothis, actual value of resonant frequencies also depends on location of coaxial source. The gain ofthe antenna in each iteration is also a function of feeding point. So, in the proposed ANN modelfeed location and number of iterations has been taken as inputs and it gives the resonantfrequency, return loss and gain as output.The Artificial Neural Network has been trained using datasheet which has been prepared with thehelp of results obtained by simulating different antenna iterations for different feed locationsusing IE3D software. The Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) network with 3 input neurons and 50neurons in hidden layer and 6 output neuron is used.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from cse Student

2010-11-29T21:03:00.000-08:00

INTRUSION RESPONSE SYSTEM IN AODV FOR MANET By Manoj Kumar,cse

Abstract
The Wireless ad-hoc network is a temporary network which is set up by wireless mobile computers (or nodes) moving arbitrary in the places without network infrastructure. Since the nodes communicate with each other, they cooperate by forwarding data packets to other nodes in the network. Thus the nodes find a path to the destination node using routing protocols. However, due to security vulnerabilities of the routing protocols, wireless ad-hoc networks are unprotected to attacks of the malicious nodes. These attacks are against network integrity absorbing all data packets in the network. Since, the data packets do not reach the destination node on account of these attacks, data loss will occur. There are lots of detection and defence mechanisms to eliminate the intruder that carry out the attacks. The mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) require effective intrusion response system. This work proposes an intrusion response system that is used to support the infrastructureless nature of MANETs. The concept of Intrusion Response System is primarily based on the technique of power adaption. In this technique, nodes surrounding malicious node adapts their power and select optimal transmission power so that malicious node is out of the operating zone of the network, as well as node adapting power itself remain in the operating zone, proposed this technique for implementing IRS, but it selects the optimal power for the power adaption technique on the basis of geographical information of whole topology, which it assumes is available to every node. This work finds the optimal power with the help of Link Layer feedback and NHELLO (in case Link Layer feedback not available), which are less costlier techniques than geographical.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE Student

2010-11-29T21:00:00.000-08:00

DESIGN OF DIGITAL FIR FILTER USING RADIAL BASIS FUNCTION NEURAL NETWORK By Harpreet Kaur,Electronics

Abstract
In signal processing, there are many instances in which an input signal to a system contains extra unnecessary content or additional noise which can degrade the quality of the desired portion. In such cases we may remove or filter out the useless samples. For the design of Low pass FIR filters complex calculations are required. Mathematically, by substituting the values of ∆F, δr, δs, Fs and N in any of the methods from window method, frequency sampling method or optimal method we can get the values of filter coefficients h(n). Here, Kaiser Window method has been chosen preferably because of the presence of ripple factor (β). Considering Low pass Filter design, the range of values for the parameters required are calculated. A data sheet through programming is performed on the platform of Matlab. For 30 different range of parameters, the values of h(n) i.e. coefficients of FIR filter, named desired result have been calculated .Artificial Neural Network is a highly simplified model of the structure of the biological neural network. It consists of interconnected processing units. In this thesis, ANN model has been designed which is used to design the low pass FIR in the specified range of parameter. Basically, ANN are of many types like Feed forward neural network, Feedback neural network. But in this is thesis the feed forward neural network has been chosen to design the filter. Here radial basis function in neural networks is used for the training of the neural network. Radial basis function has been chosen. The error is difference between the desired output (i.e. mentioned in data sheet using Matlab) and the actual output obtained at the output layer of the network due to application of the input patterns from the given input-output pattern pair. Firstly, we have calculated the output using the current setting of weights in all the layers. But optimum result has been achieved by adjusting the weights of the network by using the features of radial basis function. The Artificial Neural Network has been trained using datasheet which we have made with the help of programming in the Matlab. Using the radial basis function (newrbe) neural network the goal has been achieved by substituting the values of input parameters:- ∆F , δR , δS, FS and N and filter coefficients (h(n)) as target output. When we simulate this network in the Matlab the values of filter coefficients h(n) which are the required results for the filter design. Secondly, there are three types of graphs which are obtained; first graph is performance graph which has come by training the network means after meeting the goal. Second graphs are error graphs means the error between actual (results from ANN) and desired results (Kaiser window results). Third graph is showing the average error between the Kaiser window response and ANN response. The error graphs show the error between actual and desired results are very less. At the end average error graph is plotted which shows that average error is very small and hence ANN design is validated.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE Student

2010-11-29T20:55:00.000-08:00

CIRCUIT PARTITIONING USING HOPFIELD NETWORK By Manoj Kumar,Electronics

Abstract
A methodology for using Hopfield neural networks for circuit partitioning is proposed. Hopfield network is the part of neural networks. A neural network is a set of processing units when assembled in a closely inter connected networks offers a rich structure exhibiting some features of biological neural networks. It can perform parallel operations. Most programs have large number of instructions and they operate in a sequential manner i. e. one instruction after the another on a conventional computer. It resembles the human brain in two respects:
1. Knowledge is acquired through a learning process.
2. Synaptic weights are used to store the knowledge
Furthermore neural network has the ability to extract useful information from large sets of data, which often is required for a satisfying description of a real time series. The thesis begins with a review of the theoretical background of the neural networks and Hopfield network. The Hopfield neural network is a simple artificial network, which is able to store certain memories or patterns in a manner rather similar to the brain. The full pattern can be recovered if the network is presented with only partial information. Furthermore there is a degree of stability in the system. The given circuit is partitioned into two partitions i.e. the initial partitioning of the given circuit is done and the number of interconnections between the partitioning has to be find out. The number of interconnections between the partitions is called the cut size. To find the minimum cut size, the number of nodes between the two partitions are to be swapped.
Interaction will be done using Hopfield network. This method is tested on various circuits i.e. on various adder circuits of different number of nodes. Higher the total number of iterations, better is the result.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from cse Student

2010-11-16T02:09:00.000-08:00

ROBUST STATISTICS BASED FILTER TO REMOVE SALT AND PEPPER NOISE IN DIGITAL IMAGES By Gurpreet Chahal,cse

Abstract
Visual information transmitted in the form of digital images is becoming a major method of communication in the modern age, but the image obtained after transmission is often corrupted with noise. The received image needs processing before it can be used in applications. This thesis represents a robust statistics based filter to remove salt and pepper noise in digital images. The function of the algorithm is to detect the corrupted pixels first since the impulse noise only affect certain pixels in the image and the remaining pixels are uncorrupted. The corrupted pixels are replaced by an estimated value using the proposed robust statistics based filter. The proposed method perform well in removing low to medium density impulse noise with detail preservation upto a noise density of 70% compared to standard median filter, weighted median filter, recursive weighted median filter, progressive switching median filter, signal dependent rank ordered mean filter, adaptive median filter and recently proposed decision based algorithm. The visual and quantitative results show the proposed algorithm outperforms in restoring the original image with superior preservation of edges and better suppression of impulse noise.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE Student

2010-11-16T02:02:00.000-08:00

IMPLEMENTATION OF INCREMENTAL ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER USING SWITCHED CURRENT TECHNIQUE By Monika Pathak,Electronics

Abstarct
This thesis is concerned with implementation of Analog to Digital Converter with the help of switched current technique. This is basically a sigma delta modulator operating in transient mode. The basic building blocks for this circuit are multiplexer, integrator and comparator. The first part explores the change in performance parameters of SI & S2I memory cells by changing the values of gamma and the aspect ratio of the MOSFET used. The Simulation results showed that a large amount of conductance loss is present in SI memory cell. To eliminate charge injection error and settling error in SI memory cell , a high performance S2I memory cell has been implemented. The second part deals with the implementation of multiplexer, integrator and comparator circuits. Design considerations have been focused onto reduction of sources of error by suitable choice of building blocks. At the input of multiplexer, sinusoidal current of 50KHz are applied which are sampled at a rate greater than Nyquist rate. The sampling frequency is taken as 1MHz and the full scale current is 100mA. The accuracy of the analog to digital converter depends on its integrator. Therefore S2I memory cell is used for the realization of switched current integrator. The integrator is proposed with two step memory cell and common mode. The building blocks required for Integrator are delay cell and current mirror circuit. The analog to digital converter is tested at a clock frequency of 1MHz. The circuits required for the analysis of memory cell and implementation of analog to digital converter has been designed using Capture and simulated using PSpice module of ORCAD . Simulation results have attained an amplified value of 0.6mA current at the output of integrator for an input current of 0.05mA which confirms that the effects of noise is minimum in the proposed integrator circuit. The proposed integrator can also work at low power supply voltage of 3.3V.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from cse Student

2010-11-16T01:57:00.000-08:00

AUTOMATED BRAIN CANCER RECOGNITION SYSTEM FOR MRI IMAGES By Avneet K. Aneja,cse

Abstract
Cancer is a genetic and vital disease. In last decade, many important genes responsible for the creation of various cancers have been discovered, their mutations precisely identified and the pathways through which they act are been characterized. Mammography is the most common technique used by radiologists in the screening and diagnosis of the cancer cells. Although it is seen as the best examination technique early detection of cancer cells but it provides a low accuracy in early prediction in brain . Their interpretation requires skill and experience for proper diagnosis. Computer aided diagnosis systems for detecting malignant texture have been investigated using several techniques. The existing computer aided diagnoses are generally categorized into two main categories namely tumor mass detection and Cluster micro classification.This thesis works presents an extension in computer-aided diagnosis for early prediction of cancer cells in brain using Texture features and neuro classification logic. First the extractions of the texture from the given brain MRI sample is done next is morphological operation followed by neuro classification for prediction of Cancer for a given sample. Results are presented on the images from brain cancer database. The proposed method clearly classifies the different class of brain cancer. On the basis of experimental result it shows that proposed technique using neuro fuzzy classifier is better than fuzzy classifier in predicting the accuracy of cancer. It acts as a second opinion to assist the radiologist in effective diagnosis of abnormality due to tumors in brain.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from Ind. Student

2010-10-31T22:37:00.000-07:00

A CASE STUDY OF BALLARPUR INDUSTRIES LIMITED BASED ON QUADRATIC ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM USING MATLAB By Nirmaljeet Singh,Industrial

Abstract
Every organisation is working day and night to achieve the best possible results. The well known quantitative model for assigning workers to jobs is the assignment model, which has been utilized for a long time in numerous scheduling applications. A case of Ballarpur Industries Limited (BILT), the leader in pulp and paper has large number of distributors in different cities has been facing two situations in the assignment problem i.e. minimization and maximization. The GUI Model is framed for both the problems using MATLAB. The simulation is done for minimization problem, the minimum distance from fifteen different distributors came out to be 100 Km which results in reduction of 36% movement per time and in the maximization problem, the maximum profit of eight salesmen of BILT from eight different areas turned out to be Rs.9570 leading to 15% increase in the average profit.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from Prod. Student

2010-10-29T02:20:00.000-07:00

IMPACT OF UNRELIABLE POWER ON PAPER MILLS:A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THREE MILLS By Harjit S. Mangat,Production

Abstract
The availability of reliable power supply at reasonable cost is important for economic growth and development of a country. Electric power utilities therefore strive to meet the customer demands with a high quality, economic and reliable power supply. If the system reliability is low, outages tend to occur more often and will eventually give more damages to business sectors.
Different researchers had found that electrical outages effects all type of consumers such as residential, agricultural, commercial and industrial sectors throughout the world. But a very little effort has been made for assessing the damages resulting from the power outages of varying duration on industrial sector, especially on paper mills as compared to residential and commercial sector. So, three Craft paper mills of medium scale in Ludhiana (Punjab) were selected as a practical case to conduct a study on the power outages which imposes irreparable losses for the years 2008-09. Customer survey approach was adopted because the customer is in the best position to assess the effects of outages and thus give help to calculate associated costs more accurately.This study was conducted to establish monetary losses associated with shorter duration outages of planned and unplanned category and longer duration outages that include weekly off-days and peak load imposed by electricity board in 2008-09. An outage loss over these two years considering a market value of Craft Paper for Harisar Papers Ltd., H.B Papers Pvt. Ltd. and Champion paper mill was Rs 2.45 crores, Rs 1.29 crores and Rs 1.32 crores respectively. The Customer Damage Function (CDF) approach was used in this study. From the results of this study, it has been observed that CDF values come out to be more for Harisar Papers Ltd. followed by H.B Papers Pvt. Ltd. and Champion Paper Mill.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from Ind. Student

2010-10-28T01:56:00.000-07:00

INVENTORY CONTROL BY COMBINED COST MATRIX IN AN AUTO INDUSTRY UNIT:A CASE STUDY By Manjit S. Matharu,Industrial

Abstract
Inventory is a necessary evil. Although it is indispensable for the smooth production run but excess of it has doomed many an enterprise. Inventory control is a critical aspect of successful management and today it is the major thrust area for increasing productivity. Due to some reasons, different Inventory control tools have not been fully exploited in Indian SMEs. In the present work an attempt has been made to implement inventory control techniques like Combined Cost Matrix of ABC and HML analysis at Swaraj Mazda Ltd. Asron, which is an automotive manufacturing company. The items not only important for the annual usage cost but for the high individual cost as well are found. The Bill of Materials for its T-3500 Truck has been taken and Combined Cost Matrix of ABC and HML analysis has been done on the 800 items. Sigma level of the supplied goods on the basis of quality is calculated, which comes out to be 3.48. Use of Bar Coding for fast and accurate data entry along with savings in labor cost to has been introduced. To insure the smooth manufacturing activities with minimum inventory, the accurate demand forecasting has been done using “ARIMA” methodology.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from Prod. Student

2010-10-28T01:52:00.000-07:00

SIMULATION OF HOT FORGING FOR OPTIMIZING THE PREFORM SHAPE By Gurmeet S. Chhatwal,Production

Abstract
Hot Forging is a manufacturing method that is applied to a wide variety of high strength automotive components. To satisfy demands of lower costs and shorter production time, it is essential to monitor the forging process minutely. Advanced process modeling combined with simulation is need of the hour. It leads to the understanding of dynamic materials behavior of the process in a quantitative way. The traditional build-and-test methods of developing a complete manufacturing process are based on experience. The part geometries are generally quite complex and the simpler analytical methods could not handle the task of providing accurate solutions to engineering problems. The numerical methods such as general-purpose finite-element method (FEM) can easily handle large deformation plasticity analysis. The present work is carried out for a component being forged at Samrat Forgings Limited, Derabassi, Punjab. In this work, the optimization of forging process for a selected component (Transmission yoke) has been carried out. The workpiece and die materials were AISI-1045 and EN-31 respectively. The simulation of hot forging operation was carried out at a workpiece temperature of 1250°C and die temperature of 350°C. The optimum aspect ratio is calculated for both types of stock namely, round corner square (RCS) and round type. The forming load and flash are also optimized by introducing blocker die applying FEM based simulation. Validation has been carried out by performing forging at the designed parameters. Results of simulation and validation are in close match with variation ranging from 3 to 6%. Comparison of ongoing practice and suggested simulation based design lead to the reduction of 10.86% in the cut weight of the stock and 35.13% reduction in forging force.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from EE Student

2010-10-20T22:11:00.000-07:00

CONTROL OF HEATING SYSTEMS IN PROCESS INDUSTRY By Mohan Kashyap,Electrical

Abstract
Thermal efficiency of process heating equipment such as furnaces, ovens, melters and heaters is the ratio of heat delivered to a material and heat supplied to the heating equipment. For most heating equipment, a large amount of the heat supplied is wasted in the form of exhaust or flue gases. These losses depend on various factors associated with the design and operation of the heating equipment. The set of proposed rules in this work may help plant operators in reducing waste heat losses associated with the heating equipment by using Fuzzy Logic Control. A closed loop control system incorporating fuzzy logic has been developed for a class of industrial temperature control problems. A unique fuzzy logic controller (FLC) structure with an efficient realization and a small rule base that can be easily implemented in existing industrial controllers is proposed. This work also demonstrates the potential of FLC in software simulation in an industrial setting including compensation for thermo mass changes in the system, dealing with unknown and variable delays & operating at very different temperature set points. It is achieved by implementing, in FLC, a classical control strategy to compensate for the dynamic changes in the system. Conventional proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers have been well developed and applied for about half a century and are extensively used for industrial automation and process control today. The main reason is due to their simplicity of operation, ease of design, inexpensive maintenance, low cost and effectiveness for most linear systems. Recently, motivated by the rapidly developed advanced microelectronics and digital processors, conventional PID controllers have gone through a technological evolution from pneumatic controllers via analog electronics to microprocessors via digital circuits. However, it has been known that conventional PID controllers generally do not work well for nonlinear systems, higher order and time-delayed linear systems, and particularly complex and vague systems that have no precise mathematical models. To overcome these difficulties, various types of modified conventional PID controllers such as auto tuning and adaptive PID controllers were developed lately. The complexity of these problems & the difficulties in implementing conventional controllers to eliminate variations in PID tuning motivate us to investigate intelligent control techniques such as fuzzy logic as a solution to controlling systems in which time delays, nonlinearities & manual tuning procedures need to be addressed.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE Student

2010-10-19T02:57:00.000-07:00

CONTENT MANAGEMENT USING HL7 MESSAGES By Preeti Saini,cse

Abstract
Health care in this 21st century is facing three very large forces of change; namely, an informed and empowered consumer, the need for e-health adaptability and a shift from focusing on primarily curing to the prevention of diseases. Healthcare networks provide comprehensive and high quality health care for various populations, at a reasonable cost. Medical documents exchanged over healthcare networks are mostly elaborated in a progressive, collective and distributed manner, by multiple autonomous and heterogeneous, but cooperating information systems. The success of HL7’s messaging standard has led many software applications developed for handling health information to base their data transmission. Some of the commercial offerings can be quite expensive, anywhere from hundreds to thousands of dollars per individual license. Unfortunately, this can be prohibitive for those health information professionals who have only begun to explore HL7’s capabilities or need just a portion of the software functions. The proprietary nature of commercial packages also makes it difficult to home grow a custom solution due to inaccessibility to source code and legal restraints. Due to these and other problems, open-source projects have become an option to the commercial products. Some of these open projects have flourished with the aid of volunteers and can be quite robust. Some offer a range of utilities with well designed graphical user interfaces while others have a specific purpose such as linking to mainstream databases. There are drawbacks as well however, such as lack of efficient documentation as well as the constant reworking of software that, while fixing known bugs, also introduces new errors.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE Student

2010-10-19T02:42:00.000-07:00

DATA MINING MODEL FOR MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT By Sanjeev Kumar,cse

Abstract
The power and sensitivity of sequence based computational methods dramatically increases with the addition of more data. The patterns of conservation become clearer by comparing the conserved portions of sequences amongst a larger and larger dataset. Those areas most resistant to change are functionally the most important to the molecule. The basic assumption is that those portions of sequence of crucial functional value are most constrained against evolutionary change.

To help assure the reliability of sequence alignments always use comparative approaches. A multiple sequence alignment is a hypothesis of evolutionary history. Insure that you have prepared a good one to be sure that it makes sense. It establishes the explicit homologous correspondence of each individual sequence position, each column in the alignment. In the present work, the different pairwise method for sequence alignment are discussed. These methods are suitable for aligning the limited number of sequences and with small sequence length. A new method for sequence alignment based on the local alignment with consensus sequence is proposed. Different triticum wheat varietes are taken for the problem under consideration. The sequences are directly loaded from the NCBI databank. Two phylogenetic trees are constructed for different datasets taken from the available data. A single tree is constructed after using the advanced pruning techniques. Then, the closely related sequences are extracted by applying the threshold condition. The optimal MSA is obtained after applying the shift operations in both directions on all the sequences.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE Student

2010-10-19T02:39:00.000-07:00

MODELING AND DESIGN OF IF FILTERS AND RF CAPACITORS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION USING MEMS By Ravinder Kumar,Electronics

Abstract
The global interest in the wireless communication filed demanding the integration of RF transceivers on a single silicon chip. Filters have a major role in the construction of high performance transceivers. Band pass filters are one of the most important elements in frequency selective circuits. This thesis is about design and modeling approaches of Micro-Mechanical Filters, i.e. MEMS band pass filters operating in intermediate frequency range and RF MEMS variable capacitors. MICRO-ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) technology offers several advantages for RF systems design. These advantages include the reducing the losses and providing a better linearity when compared with semiconductor based devices. The advantages that are offered by MEMS designs have been implemented in circuit tuning elements (capacitors, inductors), resonators, filters, microphones and switches. Typical disadvantages associated with an RF MEMS device are the switching speed and packaging the devices. These filters are composed of beams or plates with different boundary conditions as resonators and couplings. Since higher order filters are in great interest, the focus of this thesis is on developing new designs capable of more coupling possibilities. Due to multi-domain operation of these structures, a fast and accurate design tool using general lumped modeling approach, which includes the effects of distributed and multi-domain nature of MEMS filters, is very useful. Any development and deployment of MEMS will have a great impact on any industry. Development of MEMS is therefore critical to the economy and society.
This thesis has two main parts. The first part is dedicated to the development of lumped models for typical MEMS filters, operating in both electrical and mechanical domain, simultaneously. By coupling the beams at low velocity points (closer to the anchor) rather than at the maximum velocity (end of the beam), with the same resonator and coupling dimensions, higher filter quality factor is achievable. The gap spacing between input and output resonators and electrodes is the key to design a MEMS filter within accepted ranges of dimension, bias voltage and impedance matching. With improving the fabrication techniques, smaller gaps and more efficient filters are achievable. This thesis also discusses the applications of the lumped models to analyzing different filter configurations.
MEMS are a system that consists of microstructures, micro sensors, micro electronics and micro actuators. Micro actuators build the framework of the system, micro sensor detects the signals, and microelectronics processes the signals and gives the commands to the micro actuators to react to these signals. MEMS technology can be implemented using a number of different materials and manufacturing techniques. Materials for MEMS manufacturing are silicon, polymers and metals.The second part is dedicated to the design of a RF MEMS variable capacitor that utilizes electrostatic actuation. Electrostatic actuation is preferred over other actuation mechanisms due to low power consumption. The RF MEMS variable capacitor is designed in a Co Planer Wave Guide (CPW) topology, with multiple beams supported (1 – 7 beams) on a single pedestal. The EM simulations and the measurement results compare favorably with the theoretically used formulae. A series RLC equivalent circuit is used to model the varactor and used to extract the parasitic associated with the capacitor.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from IND Student

2010-09-29T02:43:00.000-07:00

TECHNOLOGY AWARENESS AND COST REDUCTION IN FORGING INDUSTRY AT LUDHIANA By Jagdeep Singh,Industrial

Abstract
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) form the backbone of the auto component industry in Punjab. For producing auto components, forging is the basic and most important process. With the continuous growth of technology, process techniques are advanced day by day and the competitiveness of manufacturing (forging) industries increases very rapidly. After the visit to several industries, it has been observed that there is lack of awareness about the advanced forging trends and technologies in MSMEs. Due to this, outdated methods are used for producing forged products and there is lack in competition with other upgraded industries. The present study is carried out to find out the technological gaps, aware the entrepreneurs about the new trends & techniques of forging (like advance forging die materials and lubricants, furnaces, forging temperature measurements etc.). Eleven industries were selected out of 100 industries visited. An experimental trial has been done at eleven forging industries with ESPON-LSS hot forging die lubricant for cost reduction in the forging process. The results indicates that with the use of ESPON-LSS lubricant instead of Mobil oil in closed die forging of components results into an average increase in die life by 3 days. Total cost saving from the die & lubricant is 41% per year and average increases in production of 6600 pieces/year from experimental trails.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CE Student

2010-09-20T03:27:00.000-07:00

STRENGTH IMPROVEMENT OF SOIL CEMENT AND FLY ASH MIX By Manish Bhutani,civil

Abstract
Finding a beneficial way to utilize industrial waste is a practical way of encouraging sustainable development. Recent projects illustrated that successful vast utilization could result in considerable saving in construction cost. Nearly 70 % cost of India’s total installed power generation capacity is thermal and out of which coal based generation is 90%. This is detrimental to environmental as well as it requires large area for disposal, when the availability of land is getting scarce day by day. The utilization of flyash has engaged the attention of experts from various fields of several decades. However even today there is significant gap between the rate of utilization and production of flyash and at present only 15% is being significantly reused in construction in India. Compacted flyash has high shear strength and low specific gravity which could result in significant engineering benefit and the bulk utilization of fly ash is only possible by way of geotechnical applications such as embankment construction, backfill material and sub base material etc. The objective of this study is to investigate the geotechnical characteristics of cement – soil – fly ash mix, particularly when mixture contains large fractions of class F fly ash. To achieve this objective, compaction test, unconfined compression test and direct shear test were conducted on test specimen. The unconfined compression strength test is used to find dose of cement and fly ash which can provide maximum possible improvement of clayey soil. Fly ash percentage fraction used in the test mix was from 10% to 30% whereas cement which was used as activator ranged from 2% to 6% with an increment of 2%. Since curing time is an important variable affecting the behavior of stabilized soil, unconfined compressive strength tests were conducted on specimen after 7, 14, 21, 28 days curing. Specimens were prepared at Optimum Moisture Content to have maximum density. Dose of Fly ash which can provide maximum possible improvement at 2.0%, 4.0% and 6.0% Cement is 21.8%, 23.6% & 25.3% in soil respectively.The other properties like shear parameters are also studied at above said doses of cement and fly ash in soil. It showed an appreciable increase in both shear parameters.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE Student

2010-09-17T03:07:00.000-07:00

DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FRACTAL PATCH ANTENNA WITH PLANAR FEEDS By Isha Verma,Electronics

Abstract
A key component of a wireless link is the antenna which efficiently couples electromagnetic energy from the transmitter to free space and from free space to the receiver. A proper design of this part is necessary for the efficient coupling of the energy from the circuit to the free space and vice-versa.With the advances of wireless communication systems and increasing importance of other wireless applications, wideband and low profile antennas are in great demand for both commercial and military applications. Moreover, some of the applications also require that an antenna be embedded into the airframe structure.‘Fractals’ were first defined by Benoit Mandelbrot in 1975 as a way of classifying structures whose dimensions were not whole numbers. Fractals represent a class of geometry with very unique properties that can be enticing for antenna designers. While Euclidean geometries are limited to points, lines, sheets and volumes, fractal include the geometries that fall between these distinctions. Therefore, a fractal can be a line that approaches a sheet. The line can meander in such a way as to effectively almost fill the entire sheet.Fractal geometry involves a recursive generating methodology that results in contours with infinitely intricate fine structures. These contours are able to add more electrical length in less volume. For antennas, this means that we can reap the rewards of miniaturizing an antenna using fractals without paying the price of having to manufacture an infinitely complex radiator. The reason for this intricacy is that the fundamental building blocks of fractals are scaled versions of the fractal shape.In antenna theory, Fractals have appeared as fractal electrodynamics, in which fractal geometry is combined with electromagnetic theory for the purpose of investigating a new class of radiation, propagation and scattering problem. Method of synthesis and design of arbitrary fractal antennas is based on using special generating element. It is simple geometry fragment: segment of broken line, quadrate, triangle, circle, tree, more complicated figure, etc. Design iterative process of the fractal antennas is a replacement of every part of the base element by the whole generating element.There are three distinct features that are explored in this work for designing fractal antennas. First, the self-similar nature in the fractal geometry is utilized for operating a fractal antenna at various frequencies. For fractal geometries the input resistance of antennas are typically hard to match by coaxial probe feeding therefore I used two types of feeds Co-planar waveguide (CPW) feed and Microstrip line feed to the fractal design. Furthermore, the CPW is easily implemented on a single microstrip substrate without the ground plane. Unique feature of a CPW feed for a microstrip antenna is that the entire structure resides on the upper plane of the substrate.The Microstrip Line feed consists of printing a trace from and edge of the patch to the edge of the dielectric substrate. This makes the attachment of a connector very simple and can change the impedance of the antenna, allowing some matching to be performed.In the first stage I designed the Patch Antenna using Fractal geometry and then in the next stages, two types of feeds are applied to the geometry, respectively. The performance comparisons in terms of various antenna parameters are done for the two types of feeds. Comparison between results verifies the new design idea and characteristics.
Organization of the Thesis
The Thesis is organized in six chapters as follows:

An introduction to microstrip antennas is given in Chapter I. Apart from the advantages and disadvantages, the various feeding techniques and models of analysis and the antenna parameters are listed. It also includes detailed study of Fractal Theory and Fractal Electrodynamics.

Chapter II includes the Literature reviewed with reference to the topic of the thesis work.

Chapter III is mentioning the Formulation of the Problem, Objective of the Thesis and the methodology used to accomplish the work.

Chapter IV deals with antenna configuration designed using Fractal geometry, CPW feed and Microstrip line feed. Radiation Parameters and the choice of substrate are included. The basic parameters and design aspects are also discussed.

Chapter V includes the simulation results obtained from the designs and development of a) CPW Fed Fractal Patch Antenna, and b) Microstrip line fed Fractal Patch Antenna. The results obtained from two types of feed are collectively mentioned and compared.

Chapter VI gives the Conclusion to this project and suggests the future scope of work.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE Student

2010-09-12T23:34:00.000-07:00

DESIGN OF LOW PASS FIR FILTER USING ARTIFICAL NEURAL NETWORK By Sheenu Thapar,Electronics

Abstract
With the explosive growth of communication system and many of the communication system today utilize digital signal processors (DSP) to resolve the transmitted information. Finite impulse response (FIR) filters have been and continued to be important building blocks in many digital processing systems (DSP).For the design of Low pass FIR filters complex calculations are required. Mathematically, by substituting the values of Pass band, transition width, pass band ripple, stop band attenuation, sampling frequency in any of the methods from window method, frequency sampling method or optimal method we can get the values of filter coefficients h(n).
Here, Kaiser Window method has been chosen preferably because of the presence of ripple factor (β). Considering Low pass Filter design, the range of values for the parameters required are calculated.A data sheet through programming is performed on the platform of Matlab. For 30 different range of parameters, the values of h(n) i.e. coefficients of FIR filter, named desired result have been calculated named Artificial Neural Network is a highly simplified model of the structure of the biological neural network. It consists of interconnected processing units. In this thesis, ANN model has been designed which is used to design the low pass FIR which in the specified range of parameter which has been used to train the neural network. Basically, ANN can be trained by many methods like Feed forward neural network, Feedback neural network. But in this is thesis the feed forward neural network has been chosen to train the network. Here Multi Layer perception method is used in which BPN (Back Propagation network) algorithm has been implemented for the training of neural network. BPN method has been chosen because the objective of thesis is to use learning algorithm for a Multi Layer Feed Forward Neural Network, so that the network can be trained to capture the mapping implicit in the data set of input-output pattern pairs. The approach to be followed is basically a gradient descent along the error surface to arrive at the optimum set of weights. The error is defined as the square to arrive at the optimum set of weights. The error is a squared difference between the desired output (i.e. mentioned in data sheet using Matlab) and the actual output obtained at the output layer of the network due to application of the input patterns from the given input-output pattern pair. Firstly, we have calculated the output using the current setting of weights in all the layers. But optimum result has been achieved by adjusting the weights of the network by using the features of Back Propagation Network.The Artificial Neural Network has been trained using datasheet which we have made with the help of programming in the Matlab. The network has been trained using Multilayer Perceptron in which Error Back Propagation Algorithm has been specifically used to design Low Pass FIR filter. Using “Levenberg –Marquardt” (trainlm) in the neural network feed forward (newff) the goal meet condition has been achieved by substituting the values from datasheet input parameters:-Pass Band Frequency(PBF),Transition Width(TW) ,Pass Band Ripple (PBR) , Stop Band Attenuation (SBT), Sampling Frequency(SF) and Filter Length(N) as ‘p’ and filter coefficients (h(n)) as target ‘t’ in the program. The other parameters like net.trainParam.show, net.trainParam.epochs, net.trainParam.goal, have been set accordingly so that goal can be achieved/met. When we simulate this network in the Matlab command window the values of filter coefficients(h(n)) comes in the command window come in the command window which is the required result for the filter design.Secondly, there are two types of graphs which are coming, first graph is performance graph which has come by training the network means after the meeting the goal. Second graphs are error graphs means the error between actual (results comes from ANN) and desired results (Matlab data sheet results).Now, using Artificial Neural network low pass FIR filter can be designed. Secondly Error graphs show the error between actual and desired results are very less. Thirdly, with in the range of trained network filter coefficients for unknown input parameters can be found out and the results come from ANN and calculations are almost same even graphs are also available for that.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE Student

2010-09-07T23:23:00.000-07:00

A DCT BASED METHOD FOR REDUCING BLOCKING ARTIFACTS IN JPEG COMPRESSED IMAGES By Ramanpreet Kaur,cse

Abstract
Image compression is a very important issue for several applications in the area of multimedia communications, the objective being reduction of storage and transmission costs. Many efficient techniques have been developed for various applications. Amongst them, the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) has been recommended for compression of photographic still images. However, the reconstructed images from JPEG compression produce annoying blocking artifacts near block boundaries, particularly in highly compressed images, because each block is transformed and quantized independently using DCT transform coding. There exist various types of blocking artifacts such as: staircase noise, grid noise, ringing artifacts and corner outliers which are result of JPEG compression. The methods to cope with these blocking artifacts are classified as pre-processing methods and post-processing methods. Pre-processing methods are applied at the encoder side while post-processing methods are implemented after receiving the reconstructed image. Postprocessing methods include spatial filtering methods in which various low-pass spatial filters are used to reduce the discontinuities in the image, methods based on Projection onto Convex Sets (POCS), methods which can be applied in DCT-domain itself and works on the DCT quantized coefficients of the image to improve the image quality. In the present work, the algorithm aims to detect the block boundaries affected by blocking artifacts and further smoothes the corner outliers of the image. The algorithm has been applied to variety of JPEG compressed images. The proposed algorithm improves the image quality to some extent. The experimental results show that the proposed method is better than other artifact reduction methods.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE Student

2010-09-07T23:21:00.000-07:00

ROLE BASED ACCESS CONTROL FOR GRID ENVIRONMENT By Simarjit Kaur,cse

Abstract
Computational Grids are a new trend in distributed computing systems.They allow the sharing of geographically distributed resources in an efficient way, extending the boundaries of what we perceive as distributed computing. Various sciences can benefit from the use of grids to solve CPU-intensive problems, creating potential benefits to the entire society. Access control is a major issue when resources are shared among various computers in grid environment. Access control is an essential part of Grid computing. Even access control support for Grid computing has been the subject of extensive research. Access control to services needs to be provided via robust security protocols and comprehensive security policies. Authentication and authorization services are required to establish connection between entities. Role Based Access control is a way of authorization in a grid environment that uses roles as a basic entity to control the access. Different roles are assigned to different users based upon their responsibility in the organization. Different access rights and permissions are delegated to different roles in the system. Resources in a Grid environment are connected by a network and users are distributed at various on different computer. The users may join or leave the organization. A key challenge is how select a user to execute job so that cost and time will be reduced. The proposed role based access control approach assigns the resources based upon the role. The authorization policy for access control tool has a set of rules that evaluate whether a user has been assigned to one role defined in the system and the access is denied if the user is not from role defined. The access is based on prioritized rule in authorization policy. The environment is simulated to provide the resources to users at various nodes. Various issues related to access control and resource allocation are addressed in this thesis work.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE Student

2010-09-07T23:17:00.000-07:00

SPECKLE NOISE REDUCTION IN ULTRASOUND IMAGES BY USING WAVELETS By Ruhi Raheja,cse

Abstract
Medical images are usually corrupted by noise in its acquisition and transmission process. The main aim of image denoising is to remove such noises while retaining as much detail as possible. Ultrasonic imaging is a widely used medical imaging procedure because it is economical, comparatively safe, transferable, and adaptable. Though, one of its main shortcomings is the poor quality of images which is due to the presence of special kind of noise called speckle noise. Speckle significantly degrades the image quality and, hence makes it more difficult for observer to discriminate fine details of the images in diagnostic examination. Accordingly, speckle filtering or reduction is a central pre-processing for feature extraction, analysis, and recognition from medical imagery measurements. An appropriate method for speckle reduction is one which enhances the signal to noise ratio while conserving the edges and lines in the image. Despite the significant research conducted on this topic and many algorithms have been developed for speckle reduction as reported in the literature, but development of efficient method is still a big challenge for researchers. In the present work, new efficient and subband adaptive threshold method is proposed for noise suppression in ultrasound images. Instead of applying a pre-selected uniform threshold, background- support threshold selection scheme for coefficient dependent choice of threshold is used. Estimations of local weighted variance with appropriately chosen weights are used to adapt the threshold. The proposed method is compared both subjectively as well as objectively with the other denoising methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method is better than the other denoising methods and reduces the noise significantly while preserving the detail features.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from IND. Student

2010-07-08T01:41:00.000-07:00

COST REDUCTION BY MANAGING INVENTORY:A CASE STUDY By Sachin Mittal,Industrial

Abstract
In Competitive environment the Productivity of the company can be increased by managing the inventory as the inventory is the necessary evil incur a high cost management has to pay.In an industry the inventory cost comprise item purchase cost, transportation cost, unpacking cost, carrying cost etc. Profit revenue can be increased by reducing the inventory cost without lowering the quality of product.In India Yamaha Motors for replenishment information system PYMAC software is used and material send by the venders are in cardboard and Poly bag packing. After analyzing the existing system and bottlenecks in the flow of inventory, an improved system has been proposed to reduce, the transportation cost by reducing waiting time at the company parking, Vendors have been suggested to use plastic bins instead of cardboard and poly bags for packing.The waiting cost was reduced by Rs. 16,10,294/ and over all system cost was reduced by Rs 24,02,294 per year.Use of plastic bins reduced the work force requirement and unpacking time hence reduced the overall cost by Rs 2, 92,800 per year.In India Yamaha Motor the short is not allowed and hence the production is always greater then the expected demand leads to level of finished goods inventory in store. The lot size is of 100 unit per run. The lot size has been proposed to be 40 units instead of existing size of 100 units per production run. It reduced the level of inventory of finished product by 68.29%.

Danik Bhaskar, 8th July 2010

2010-07-07T02:43:00.000-07:00

The Tribune, 3rd July2010

2010-07-07T02:40:00.000-07:00

The Tribune, 2nd July 2010

2010-07-01T21:54:00.001-07:00

The Tribune, 2nd July 2010

2010-07-01T21:53:00.000-07:00

Jagbani, 2nd July 2010

2010-07-01T21:51:00.000-07:00

Ajit, 1st July 2010

2010-07-01T21:49:00.000-07:00

Hindustan Times, 30th May 2010

2010-06-29T22:01:00.000-07:00

New UGC rules fix strict research & teaching needs for teachers

2010-06-29T21:22:00.000-07:00

From now on, college and university professors seeking promotions would have to meet exacting standards of research and teaching to justify the big pay hike they received under the Sixth Pay Commission recommendations. An assistant professor at entry now gets close to Rs 8,000 more than a Civil Services Probationer at the same level. With the UGC today notifying the new rules for appointment and promotions of teachers, new standards of career advancement will apply under which 75 per cent weightage would be given teaching, learning and evaluation-related activities; 15 per cent to co-curricular stuff and the rest to research and contributions. For college teachers, 70 per cent weightage would be given to teaching and 20 per cent to research in career advancement scheme (CAS), with one teacher requiring a minimum of 5 points per year in research (at assistant professor level); 10 points a year to graduate to associate professor and 20 points a year to become professor. A teacher in university would require double the points in research component as compared to his college counterpart to progress in each of the above-mentioned levels in the career. A professor wanting to be senior professor would need the best academic record, complete with 600 points in each of the three categories the UGC today notified as part of the new Performance Based Assessment System for teachers, who will be assigned scores for each academic performance indicator which has been laid down. Under the teaching and learning component, teachers will be rated for the classes they take, the invigilation duties they attend to and the pace at which they evaluate answer scripts to ensure exam results are not delayed, as is the current practice. For regular lectures, practicals etc, a teacher can earn 50 points and for exam duties and paper setting another 25 points thus completing his/her minimum requirement of 75 points for career advancement to the next level. A teacher can earn a maximum of 125 points in this category. Similarly, in research, a teacher can get 10 points each for attending an international conference as compared to three points at a local-level conference. For executing research projects worth over Rs 30 lakh, 20 points each project would be given. Similarly, a teacher can earn 10 points each for guiding a PhD student; three points each for guiding an MPhil and seven points for each degree submitted (even if the award is not given).
“The idea is to ensure teachers teach, academic sessions run smoothly without delay, and research gets a definite boost,” Prof Thyagarajan, member of the UGC expert committee, which recommended the new rules, told TNS today. The rules would have to be adopted by all central educational institutions with immediate effect. The committee has also agreed to give concession in publications to teachers. An associate professor (aiming to be professor) would need one research publication if he/she has a PhD; two if he has an MPhil and three if he has neither a PhD nor an M Phil. Earlier, every associate professor was required to submit three papers.
Universities/colleges would have to set up internal quality assessment cells to keep the annual database for individual and institutional performance. Teachers’ self-assessment reports will be assessed by selection committees that will see if case for a promotion is made out.

Spokesman, 28 May 2010

2010-06-28T21:02:00.000-07:00

Spokesman, 28 May 2010

2010-06-28T20:59:00.000-07:00

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from PROD Student

2010-06-27T22:57:00.000-07:00

PROCEDD CAPABILITY OF RAPID SILICON MOULDING FOR PLASTIC COMPONENTS By Balpreet S. Thind,Production

Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to experimentally investigate rapid moulding solutions for plastic components using silicon moluding process. Starting from the identification of component, prototypes with two different types of plastic materials were produced under different vacuum moulding conditions. Measurements on the coordinate measuring machine helped in calculating the dimensional tolerances of the plastic components produced. Some important mechanical properties were also compared to verify the suitability of the components. The study highlighted the process capability of silicon moulding process in terms dimensional accuracy for plastic components. Final components produced are acceptable as per IS standard (UNI EN 20286-I (1995) also according DIN 16901 standards for plastics. This process ensures rapid production of pre-series technological prototypes and proof of concept at less production cost and time.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE Student

2010-06-27T22:53:00.000-07:00

RELATIVE ANALYSIS OF SIMULATION OF CARRIER TRANSPORT THROUGH SINGLE WALL CARBON NANO TUBES By Rajesh Kumar,Electronics

Abstract
This thesis provides thorough knowledge about the various parameters like Electron current through SWNTs, Current-Voltage relationship of SWNTs & Resistance, Potential & Electrical field in the SWNTs. The study of these parameters is further useful for analyzing various unique properties of CNT’s that includes Electrical conductivity, Tensile Strength, Flexibility, Elasticity, Thermal conductivity, Expansion coefficients, Aspect ratio etc. The knowledge of the various properties of the CNT’s like electrical, mechanical, adsorption properties along with the thermal, chemical properties can be very useful in the conceptual design, synthesis, manipulation, optimization and testing of functional nanoscale components, nanostructured materials, which are composed of nanosized grains and other structures dominated by nanointerfaces. This knowledge can be very helpful in analyzing various technical difficulties in device areas in addition to optical sources and detectors having nanometer-sized dimensions. These improvements create novel possibilities for next-generation computation and communication devices. In the sensors area, knowledge of shrinking dimensions beyond conventional optical lithography can provide major improvements in sensitivity and selectivity.
As the carbon nanotubes exhibit various unique specifications, their deep knowledge can further improve their areas of applications. As we know, the Carbon Nanotubes can be inert and can have a high aspect ratio, high tensile strength, low mass density, high heat conductivity, large in surface area, and versatile electronic behavior including high electron conductivity. While these are the main characteristics of individual nanotubes, a large number of them can form secondary structures such as ropes, fibers, papers, thin films with aligned tubes, etc., with their own specific properties. The combination of these properties makes them ideal components for a large number of applications provided their cost is sufficiently low.

The Tribune, 28th June 2010

2010-06-27T22:04:00.000-07:00

Hindustan Times, 26th June 2010

2010-06-27T22:02:00.000-07:00

GNDEC ADJUDGED BEST IN STATE, Tribune 23 June 2010

2010-06-23T02:20:00.000-07:00

Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College (GNDEC), one of the oldest institutions in north India, accredited by the National Board of Accreditation (NBA-AICTE), New Delhi, and having ISO-9001: 2008 certification, has been ranked first in Punjab and 39th at the national level among 50 engineering colleges, including NITs and IITs.
This ranking survey-2010 of all the engineering institutes of the country, including IIT's, NITs was done by the magazine ‘Outlook India’ based on the criterion-like academic excellence, personality development and industrial interface, infrastructure and placement etc.
The achievement has become a consistent feature in the records of GNDEC, which is propelling it to attain the highest position of academic and overall excellence.
It is also a matter of pride for the college that 40 MNCs, including Kirloskar, Denso, ACC Concrete, Thermax, IBM and Wipro have visited the institution and more than 80 per cent of the students have been placed in these MNCs

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from PROD. Student

2010-06-23T02:15:00.000-07:00

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN MANUFACTURING ORGANISATIONS:A CASE STUDY By Manjit Kaur,Production

Abstract
The present work is an attempt to determine the philosophy for success of organisations and the manner for Total Quality Management (TQM) adoption in Indian context. The study has been divided into two parts i.e. Survey followed by case study. Survey-I has been used to find out the basic thinking of top-management through mission statements and quality policy. In Survey-II, a detailed survey has been used to find out the exact use of the TQM factors in the Indian organisations. Survey-I reflects that the top-management main concentration is towards satisfaction of customer (i.e.43.90% in Mission-Statements and 34.15% in Quality Polices) and High quality products (i.e. 26.83% in Mission-Statements and 21.95% in Quality Policies). Survey-II shows that role of the top-managements is very effective and express the concept of the TQM (i.e. 87.32%), whereas some areas are not in full use. Based upon this two models has been formed. Model-I has been made to explain the degree of attention to the vendors’ power, management effective participation, and rewards schemes, communication system, passed result techniques, quality planning and cost involved, employees effective, statistical quality control, customer’s power. Model-II has been made for measuring pertinent ideas, pointers and guidelines. Based upon the survey results, a case study has been conducted on implementation of TQM in a machine manufacturing organisation, which shows that the revenue of the company has been increased by 15.10% on a production line.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from EE Student

2010-06-22T03:25:00.000-07:00

POWER LOSS AND COST REDUCTION BY CALCULATING OPTIMUM CAPACITOR SIZE AND ITS POSITION ON RADIAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM By Sudhir K. Sharma,Electrical

Abstract
This Thesis work “Power loss and cost reduction by calculating Optimum capacitor size and its position on Radial Distribution system” is actually a problem to determine the optimal size of capacitors placed on the nodes of a radial distribution system so that the real power losses will be minimized for a given load profile. This problem is formulated as a nonlinear programming problem and a software for distribution load flow based on Newton Raphson technique. The ac power flow model of the system and the cost of the capacitors are explicitly incorporated in the formulation. Investigations have been carried out considering a 10 bus radial distribution system. Optimum capacitor sizing and placement on radial distribution system is attempted, considering two alternative objective functions i.e. one based on total power loss and another based on power loss and cost of the capacitor. A search program is also developed to solve the above said problem. Investigation revealed that one capacitor of optimum size, placed at optimum location provides reduction in power loss and voltages profile more or less same as obtained by ideal distribution compensation. Study also shows that the optimum location and size of the capacitor nearly depends on the objective function. This project also deals with practical consideration pertaining to commissioning, protection & maintenance of capacitor in a distributed system.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from IND. Student

2010-06-22T03:20:00.000-07:00

ESTIMATION OF BASE RATE BY A GOAL PROGRAMMING APPROACH:A CASE STUDY ON SUGAR MILL bY Vineet Gupta,Industrial

Abstract
In any manufacturing unit, maintenance plays a vital role due to deployment of costly machines/equipment. Any failure in machines/equipment, costs the organisation heavily. There are variety of critical machines/equipment deployed in the nearby Sugar Mill; namely: turbines, cane chopper, cane carrier, cane leveller, extraction mills, boilers, crystallizer, elevators, drier, vapour cell, etc. Whereas, Boilers are chosen for study because these are considered as the heart of the sugar mill and steam generated by these boilers is used:
1) To run the prime movers to generate electricity, which further used to run rest of the equipment/machines.
2) For processing of sugar manufacturing.
In the present work, an attempt has been made to estimate the Base Rate of the boilers, which is the cost of any breakdown per manhour under different prevailing conditions. Eation of base rate is requiredto work out the expenses incurred on any kind of breakdowns for the boilers so that cost incurred on any kind of breakdowns can be reduce in future.
To estimate the base rate, a preemptive goal programming model is formulated by considering major influencing factors. With change in any influencing factors, maintenance time also gets change. However, these factors are further sub leveled for a very precise estimation of optimal maintenance time. Finally, the sensitivity analysis is carried out to validate the model output and found that final model is based on the correct selection of the benchmark jobs within minimum variation of 3%.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE Student

2010-06-17T23:09:00.000-07:00

A NEW SPATIAL DOMAIN WATERMARKING SCHEME FOR COPYRIGHT PROTECTION OF DIGITAL IMAGES By Arshjot Kaur,cse

Abstract
In the recent times, the rapid and extensive growth in Internet technology is creating a pressing need to develop several newer techniques to protect copyright, ownership and content integrity of digital media. This necessity arises because the digital representation of media possesses inherent advantages of portability, efficiency and accuracy of information content in one hand, but on the other hand, this representation also puts a serious threat of easy, accurate and illegal perfect copies of unlimited number. Unfortunately the currently available formats for image, audio and video in digital forms do not allow any type of copyright protection.
A potential solution to this kind of problem is digital watermarking. The digital watermarking technique protects the digital images from illegitimate replication and usage. There is a rapid escalation in the attention paid towards digital watermarking, recommended as a method for copyright protection or ownership identification of digital images.
Numerous methods have been presented in the literature and several watermarking software packages have been developed. Still robustness against a variety of attacks is one of the most important issues to be solved to increase the robustness of digital image watermarking systems. In this thesis work, an attempt is made to develop such a watermarking system that this issue of robustness can be resolved. Different types of attacks have been applied on the watermarked image but the quality of the host image has not been deteriorated which justify the robustness of the proposed system.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE Student

2010-06-16T22:15:00.000-07:00

DEVELOPMENT OF SOUND FILE FORMAT CONVERTOR By Jaspreet Kaur,cse

Abstract
Today computers and music have become so interweaved that an average home PC can substitute a home Hi-Fi system. To address this market lots of companies and individuals have developed media players and music editors, composers and synthesizers with a host of varied functionalities and features. Some of these applications even allow basic computer users to actually compose music. If there is something that is understood and enjoyed equally by people of every nation, tribe and origin and people of all ages and eras, it is music; that one word that brings melody to our ears. From the symphonies of Beethoven to the classical rhythms of the east to the contemporary rock bands of today music comes in many forms. If we were to write about the importance of music in our day today life it would never end.
These are so many audio file formats that exist today. Different file formats would be good for different kind of applications, for instance if the application would be editing and performing signal processing on applications, it is better to deal with larger files, with less compression and more audio quality. On the other hand if the application is for mere storage and transport; smaller audio files, with good compression schemes would be more useful. There are two types of file formats these are uncompressed file format and compressed file format. The compressed file format is further divided into two part lossless and lossy compression file formats. In this thesis work uncompressed file formats like .wave, .au and .aiff has been taken under consideration. In uncompressed file formats no compression techniques are used to reduce the size of original file. It means there is no loss of data. The first objective is to concatenate the data part of input audio files. Input files having mono channel may be of same format or of different format. The recording in mono is less complicated as compared to recording in stereo. Then choose the targeted file format into which you want to convert. Second objective is to create the header part of the targeted file format and place the concatenated data into its data part.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from EE Student

2010-06-16T22:12:00.000-07:00

HARMONICS ANALYSIS OF COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS IN AN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE USING POWER HARMONICS ANALYZER By Sonia,Electrical

Abstract
Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) are increasingly being used in households and commercial buildings because of the desire to reduce electricity usage. CFLs are nonlinear, which raises concerns over the widespread use of CFLs due to possible adverse effects of harmonics on current and voltage levels in the distribution system. An exhaustive experiment has been carried out on CFLs as a part of this work using Power and Harmonics Analyzer of Meco make (Model PHA 5850). Harmonic analysis of Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) of different makes is done to know about their harmonic behavior and their impact on the overall Power Factor and Total Harmonic Distortion. CFL with inbuilt filter having High Power Factor are also analyzed and their comparison with Low Power Factor CFL is done based on THDi, Power Factor and Real Power. CFLs of different make are compared based on various parameters to check their performance.A field work has also been undertaken to measure and analyze the harmonic distortion occurring in Institute of Engineering and Emerging Technologies at Baddi by making use of Power and Harmonics Analyser. It has been observed that how Total Voltage Harmonic Distortion, Total Current harmonic Distortion and Power Factor vary in the institute. After detailed analysis of the measured data, limit compliance of harmonic contents with respect to IEEE-519-1992 Standard has been verified.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from PROD. Student

2010-06-16T22:06:00.000-07:00

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR STATISTICALLY CONTROLLED RAPID MOULDING SOLUTION OF PLASTICS USING POLYJET RAPID PROTOTYPING By Varinderjit Singh,Production

Abstract
Rapid prototyping has been in evidence for the past twenty years and is being widely used in diverse areas, from the building of aesthetic and functional prototypes to the production of tools and moulds for technological prototypes. The purpose of the present study is to experimentally investigate statistically controlled rapid moulding solutions for plastic components using polyjet printing. Starting from the identification of component/benchmark, prototypes with three different type of plastic material were produced, at different orientation and support material quantity. Measurements on the coordinate measuring machine helped in calculating the dimensional tolerances of the plastic components produced. Some important mechanical properties were also compared to verify the suitability of the components. The study highlighted the best orientation, support material quantity and type of plastic material for the selected component from dimensional accuracy and economic point of view as rapid moulding solution for plastic components. Final components produced are acceptable as per IS standard UNI EN 20286-I (1995) and according to DIN 16901 tolerances for plastics. This process ensures rapid production of statistically controlled pre-series technological prototypes and proof of concept at less production cost and time.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from EE Student

2010-06-14T20:49:00.000-07:00

DESIGN AND FABRICATION AUTOMATED ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION By Sandeep Kaur,Electrical

Abstract
The concept behind this project “EV Charging Station” is to develop a Charging Station for Electric Vehicles (such as Electric Scooters or Electric Cars) to charge them in public parking, office parking, highways, apartment parking and Electric Vehicles Charging Station. The main points of concern behind this project are to charge the Electric Vehicle when user is out of home, to charge the Electric Vehicle when user is on a long drive, to charge Electric Vehicle when the house is in multistory apartments, to charge the customer as per usage of electricity in all of the above cases, to make Electric Vehicles a success story by overcoming their biggest drawback of empty battery while on drive and to keep our environment clean & green by promoting the use of Electric Vehicles. Electrically powered vehicles represent an option to replace fossil fuel. Distributed charging stations are essential to ensure mobility. Charging stations not only charge electric vehicles’ traction batteries, they also function as an interface between vehicles and the grid. The objective is to research energy storage system charging, communication between the grid and vehicles and billing concepts. The charging stations are up gradable for future requirements.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE Student

2010-06-06T22:30:00.000-07:00

INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE SEVERITY PREDICTION By Sunil Kumar,cse

Abstract
The software industry has been experiencing a software crisis, a difficulty of delivering software within budget, on time, and of good quality. This may happen due to number of defects present in the different modules of the project that may require maintenance. This necessitates the need of predicting maintenance urgency of the particular module in the software. In the present work, different predictor models have been applied to NASA five public domain defect datasets coded in C, C++, Java and Perl programming languages. Twenty one software metrics of different datasets and Java Classes of thirty five algorithms belonging to the different learner categories of the WEKA project have been evaluated for the prediction of maintenance severity. The results of ten-fold cross validation are recorded in terms of Accuracy, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) for different project datasets. The results show that logistic model Trees (LMT) and Complimentary Naïve Bayes (CNB) based Model provide a relatively better prediction consistency as compared to other models and hence, can be used for the maintenance severity prediction of the software. The developed system can also be used for analysis and to evaluate the influence of different factors on the maintenance severity of different software project modules.