New M.E.Thesis Submitted from Ind. student

A STUDY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION OF MOBILE PHONE SERVICE USERS OPERATING IN PUNJAB By Vipan Bansal,Industrail

Abstract
Indian telecom sector like any other industrial sector in the country has gone through many phases of growth and diversification. Starting from telegraphic the field of telecommunication has now expended to make use of technologies like Global System of Mobile Communication (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Wireless in Local Loop (WLL) to 3G in the mobile phones. The increased importance of services that makes the customer unsatisfied and also made content developers to come up with better and newer concepts and services. To understand that where this industry is at present and where it is headed, the research has been conducted to uncover the trends in the cellular industry and also to determine the reasons of shifting the service providers. In this study the opinion of 700 consumers from Punjab were taken. The results revealed that Short Message Service (SMS) is the most widely used Value Added Service followed by General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). It has also been found that most of the respondents were satisfied with their current service provider but still eighteen percent respondents want to shift their service provider gave maximum willingness for shifting to Airtel. Call charges was the reason of changing the service provider with weighed score of 3.80 followed by poor network and customer care service having weighted score of 3.12 and 2.94 respectively.

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from ECE student

MULTI OBJECTIVE CIRCUIT PARTITIONING FOR POWER OPTIMIZATION USING SIMULATED ANNEALING By Sumeer Khajuria,Electronics

Abstract
Circuit partitioning is the task of dividing a circuit into smaller parts. It is an important aspect of layout for several reasons. Partitioning can be used directly to divide a circuit into portions that are implemented on separate physical components, such as printed circuit boards or chips. The objective is to partition the circuit into parts such that the sizes of the components are within prescribed ranges and the complexity of connections between the components is minimized. As the size of present-day computer chips become larger (i.e., chips containing more than ten million transistors in sub-micron areas), the importance of obtaining near-optimal layouts that efficiently place and route the signals becomes increasingly important. Partitioning is a key approach in reducing the connectivity between areas of the chip so that modules can be more efficiently placed and routed to reduce wire-length, congestion, and increase the speed of the overall design. So, circuit partitioning is the decomposition of complex system into smaller subsystems with the objective that each subsystem can be independently designed thereby speeding up the design process and to minimize the interconnections between the subsystems. A balance constraint is often imposed to ensure that each subsystem contains about same number of components and this decomposition is carried out hierarchically, till each subsystem is of manageable size. Partitioning is a Hierarchical process, which can be carried out at three independent levels: System Level Partitioning, Board Level Partitioning, N1, N2 …....Nk and Chip Level Partitioning. Partitioning problem can be formulated as bi-partitioning or a multi-partitioning problem. Partitioning algorithms are broadly classified into two classes: Constructive and Iterative. On the basis of nature of the algorithm, partitioning algorithms can be classified as deterministic or probabilistic. On the basis of process used for partitioning algorithms can be classified as group migration algorithms, simulated annealing, and evolutionary algorithm.Problem of circuit net list partitioning is non polynomial hard and cannot be effectively solved by deterministic algorithms. SA being the algorithm belonging to the probabilistic and iterative class of algorithms are stochastic in nature and can be effectively used for circuit net list partitioning. In the present work, min-set and sleep time optimization has been simultaneously attempted.

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from ECE student

SELECTION OF PARAMETER "r" IN RC5 w/r/b ALGORITHM ON THE PRIME NUMBER By Harsimranjit S. Gill,Electronics

Abstract
With the precipitous application of internet and wireless network, has triggered significant needs for information security and personal privacy. However, wireless systems are more vulnerable to unauthorized access and eavesdropping. A mechanism is required that ensures the security for the transmission of data over a communication link. Cryptography is the best way to convert the plain text into cipher text and then transmitted over the channel and by this means only the intended recipient would able to receive the data and other person could not recover the original information.
RC5 has a variable word size, a variable length secret key and variable number of rounds. Ronald Rivest proposed the RC5 algorithm with 12 numbers of rounds for better encryption. In this thesis the proposed work is that if the value for the rounds in RC5 be a prime number then the security level of the cipher is more, as compare to the higher value of rounds up to next prime number. By the NIST suite, different tests of RC5 algorithm are performed having same data length and key but for different number of rounds and the result for prime number of round is compared with composite number of rounds and results justifies that RC5 for prime number of rounds provide better security level than a result drawn by a composite number of round.

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from cse student

SATELLITE IMAGE CLASSIFICATION BY HYBRIDIZATION OF FPAB ALGORITHM AND BACTERIAL CHEMOTAXIS By Loveleen Kaur,cse

Abstract
Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) has been widely accepted as a global optimization technique. This technique is proposed by K.M. Passino in 2002 to handle complex problems of the real world. In this work, we aim to classify the satellite image using the technique of Bacterial Foraging Optimization. One key step in BFO is the computational chemotaxis, where a bacterium takes steps over the foraging landscape in order to reach regions with high nutrient content. The chemotactic movement of a bacterium may be viewed as a guided random walk. In this thesis work, we design a new algorithm which is based on Bacterial Foraging Optimization which is used to classify the satellite image. The proposed algorithm has been applied to the 7-band satellite image of Alwar region of Rajasthan. Firstly we use a swarm data clustering method based upon flower pollination by artificial bees (FPAB) to cluster the satellite image pixels. Those clusters will be further classified using BFO. This new method shows an improved highly accurate results for the classification of satellite image. The accuracy of the results has been checked by obtaining error matrix and the KHAT statistics of the proposed algorithm. The accuracy of each feature has also been obtained by calculating the producer’s and user’s accuracy. The results indicate that highly accurate land cover features can be extracted effectively when the proposed algorithm is used.

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from IND. student

QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF HOSPITAL WASTE GENERATION TO RECOVER ENERGY:A STUDY OF MOGA DISTRICT By Amrinder Singh,Industrial

Abstract
Medical care is vital for our life and health, but the waste generated from medical activities represents a real problem of living nature and human world. The purpose of the present study is to obtain the quantitative assessment of hospital waste generation to recover energy in Moga district. To assess the types and quantity of different types of hospital waste a questionnaire was designed. The questionnaire consists of quantitative questions. 60 respondents from 20 hospitals have been personally visited and made to fill the questionnaire. Five samples of each different types of hospital waste like cotton, bandages, plastic syringe and glucose bottles in different conditions were taken from hospital. Collected samples were tested in laboratory where calorific value and proximate analysis tests were conducted. The study highlighted that glucose bottles has highest percentage in terms of mass with 46%, bandages next highest has 16%, glass with 14%, plastic syringe with 12%, cotton and paper has 6% each in terms of mass. Plastic syringe has highest calorific value which is 42740 kJ/kg, while cotton has least 15190 kJ/kg. The study highlighted that quantity of hospital waste is increasing rapidly, it is better to implement an energy recovery project rather than incinerate or dumping of hospital waste. A gasifier should be installed near Moga, since land cost is less and hospital waste of Moga and near districts can be simultaneously treated there.

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from CSE student

A NOVEL ALGORITHM FOR CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT By Gursharanpreet Kaur,cse

Abstract
The importance of image as a media for storing and distribution of information in the multimedia area has increasingly grown. Images are often corrupted owing to channel transmission errors, faulty image acquisition devices, engine sparks, a.c., power interference and atmospheric electrical emissions. Because of these reasons, the objectives of corrupted images are hardly to distinguish. So these images need enhancement processing before objectives recognition. The purpose of enhancement is to stand out the useful information and enlarge the difference of characters in different objects in order to improve the vision effect and stand out the characters. The traditional enhancement algorithms are usually based on the computation of the whole image and the low frequency, high frequency and the noise are transformed synchronously while calculating transformation of the whole image. These algorithms enhance noise signal in image while they enhance image, which leads to the descent of information entropy. In recent years, the wavelet transform has become an attractive technique for image analysis and image compression. With its continuously increasing applications, the wavelet transform also shows its potential in image enhancement. Wavelet decomposition provides local information in both space domain and frequency domain. In the present work, a hybrid algorithm for contrast enhancement of gray-scale images has been proposed. Wavelets have been used as a preprocessing step for contrast enhancement. Although there are many contrast enhancement techniques which enhances the contrast of the image either locally or globally, but the proposed technique enhances the contrast of the image by working separately on low as well as high coefficients. The proposed technique is compared both subjectively as well as objectively by using suitable quality metrics with the existing contrast enhancement technique. The evaluation of the results shows that the proposed technique is better as compared to other existing techniques.

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from CSE student

PHONEME BASED TEXT TO SPEECH SYSTEM FOR PUNJABI By Mnapreet Kaur,cse

Abstract
In recent years, the use of computers in speech synthesis and speech recognition has become an important area of study among speech and computer scientists. The primary motive is to provide users with a friendly vocal interface with the computer and to allow people with certain handicaps (such as blinds) to use the computer. In this thesis, work is concerned with the development of Text-To-Speech (TTS) Synthesis System for Punjabi text, written in Gurmukhi script. Punjabi is the world’s 12th most widely spoken language. The populace speaking Punjabi is not only confined to North Indian states of India such as Punjab, Haryana and Delhi but is spread in over all parts of the world. Punjabi is a phonetic language and commonly written in Gurmukhi script. The research work was carried out with the aim that the developed system must produce synthetic speech corresponding to two qualities of Speech Synthesis: intelligibility and naturalness. In order to get the naturalness in the synthetic speech, Concatenative speech synthesis techniques have been used, with Punjabi Phoneme as a basic unit. The total Punjabi Phonemes were analyzed over a carefully selected Punjabi corpus and the valid phonemes were selected. The Punjabi speech database was prepared by labelling phoneme sounds in the recorded sound file; and then storing, starting and ending point’s boundary values in the database. A fairly good quality Punjabi Text-To-Speech synthesis speech has been developed.

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from PE student

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WIRE ELECTRODE MATERIALS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WEDM By Rajeev Kumar,Porduction

Abstract
Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is a special form of the traditional EDM process in which material is eroded from the work piece by a series of discrete sparks between the work piece and the wire electrode separated by a thin film of dielectric fluid. The movement of the wire is controlled numerically to achieve the desired three-dimensional shape and accuracy for the work piece. WEDM is used in tool and die making industries, automobiles, aerospace, nuclear, computer and electronics industries. The average cutting speed, relative machining costs, accuracy and surface finish have been improved since the commercial inception of the machines; much more improvement is still required to meet the increasing demand of precision and accuracy by different industries. The performance of WEDM depends much on the wire electrode used. Brass wire is used extensively as a wire electrode in WEDM. Various high performance electrodes like zinc coated, diffusion annealed, coated steel core wires etc. have been developed to satisfy the machining needs. In the present study, three wires (brass wire, zinc coated wire and High Cutting Speed (HCS) wire) were selected and the performance parameters – cutting rate, wire wear and surface roughness were studied on the machining of AISI D3 steel. The full factorial design was used to analyze the relationship of input parameters (pulse on time, peak current and type of wire) with performance characteristics (cutting rate, wire wear and surface roughness). Results obtained shows the improvement in surface roughness with brass wire over zinc coated wire and High Cutting Speed (HCS) wire, but maximum wire wear was recorded with HCS wire. Cutting rate was maximum with HCS wire and minimum with brass wire. Electron Diffraction Spectrometry (EDS) results shows some deposition of work piece material on the wire. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed the wire wear and surface roughness of work piece (after machining).

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from CSE student

EMOTIONAL SPEECH GENERATION FOR PUNJABI USING DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUE By Manpreet Kaur,cse

Abstract
Generating emotions in speech is currently an imperative issue of research giving the requirement of modern human- machine interaction systems to produce expressive speech. Speech synthesis involves the simulation of human speech by computers. The different emotional states affect the speech production mechanism of a speaker in a number of ways, and leads to acoustical changes in their speech. These changes are perceived by listener due to the emotions added. This thesis describes a speech generation system that is able to generate emotional synthetic speech from a recorded natural speech using Digital Signal Processing Technique. This system implements TD-PSOLA method to simulate four basic emotions that are anger, fear, happiness and sadness. These are chosen as they utilize different changes in vocal parameters; anger and happiness shows increased activity in the pitch contour, anger also shows noticeable voice quality changes, sadness shows decreased activity in the pitch contour, The speech rate is slightly faster than in normal speech and contains pauses between words forming almost one third of the total speaking time. For embedding emotions TD-PSOLA method has been implemented that can be used to simulate different emotions in a natural speech. TD-PSOLA is used as it allows for high quality pitch and time scale modifications of stored speech segments and has a very low complexity and computational cost. The evaluation of the system showed that it generates recognizable emotions in speech but improvements are still necessary.

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from PE student

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT EDM WIRE ELECTRODES ON THE MACHINABILITY OF D3 MATERIAL By Vikrant Aggarwal,Production

Abstract
Wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) is a special form of the traditional EDM process in which material is eroded from the work piece by a series of discrete sparks between the work piece and the wire electrode separated by a thin ?lm of dielectric ?uid. The movement of the wire is controlled numerically to achieve the desired three-dimensional shape and accuracy for the work piece. WEDM is used in tool and die making industries, automobiles, aerospace, nuclear, computer and electronics industries. The average cutting speed, relative machining costs, accuracy and surface ?nish have been improved since the commercial inception of the machines, much more improvement is still required to meet the increasing demand of precision and accuracy by different industries.The performance of WEDM depends much on the wire electrode used. Brass wire is used extensively as a wire electrode in WEDM. Various high performance electrodes like zinc coated, diffusion annealed, coated steel cored etc. have been developed to satisfy the machining needs. In the present study, three wires (brass wire, zinc coated wire and High Cutting Speed (HCS) wire) were selected and the performance parameters - material removal rate, wire consumption and surface roughness were studied on the machining of AISI D3.The factor analysis was used to analyse the relationship of input parameters (Pulse on time and Peak Current ) with performance characteristics (material removal rate, wire consumption and surface roughness).Result obtained shows the improvement in surface roughness with brass wire over zinc coated wire and High Cutting Speed (HCS) wire , but maximum wire consumption (117 m/ piece) was also recorded with brass wire. Material removal rate was maximum with HCS wire and minimum with brass wire. Electron Diffraction Spectrometry (EDS) results shows the deposition of wire material on the work piece. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed the deposition of different elements wire on the surface of workpiece.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from civil student

NUMERICAL STUDY OF SHALLOW FOOTING ON MULTILAYER REINFORCED SLOPE By Sudhir Arora,civil

Abstract
Soil being the cheapest and readily available construction material has been popular with the civil engineers but being poor in mechanical properties it has been putting challenge to civil engineers to improve its properties depending upon the requirement which varies from site to site along with economic constraints. The use of reinforcement to improve the bearing capacity and settlement performance of shallow foundations has proven to be a cost-effective foundation system. Reinforcement can be in the form of sheets, strips, nets or mats of metal or synthetic fabric etc. Many times foundations are to be constructed on loose granular soils, soft fine-grained soils, or soft organic soils. In those situations geosynthetics enhance the ability to use shallow foundations in lieu of the most expensive deep foundations. A reinforced soil foundation (RSF) consists of one or more layers of a geosynthetic reinforcement and controlled fill placed below a conventional spread footing to create a composite material with improved performance. A composite reinforced soil foundation (CRSF) is an RSF that also includes a geosynthetic fabric separating native soil from the fill used to construct the RSF. There are many situations where footings are located on sloping fills (e.g., footings for bridge abutments on sloping embankments). In thses cases the bearing capacity of the footing may be significantly reduced, depending on the location of the footing with respect to the slope. One of the possible measures to improve the bearing capacity would be to reinforce the foundation ground with layers of geogrid. When a footing is constructed on a reinforced slope, the bearing capacity of the footing would be significantly increased by the presence of correctly placed reinforcements. The use of conventional material i.e. a (c- f) soil transported from borrow pits, in the construction of soil embankments becomes very costly as the soil is to be excavated, transported to the site and then it is to be used for construction. The use of conventional material is, therefore, increasingly becoming expensive and scarce. There is thus, a growing need in developing countries for research to be undertaken aimed at channelling local technology to the design and construction of low cost highway and other such projects. This is pertinent with abundance of cheap locally available raw materials/industrial wastes coupled with high cost of imported materials of construction.Fly ash provides an economical and suitable alternative to good earth for construction of embankments because it is one of the major industrial wastes coming out of the thermal power plants. Use of such wastes for major geotechnical applications will not only solve the problem of their disposal but also eliminate the environmental pollution to a great extent. Keeping this fact in view, fly ash has been chosen as the test medium. However, fly ash has been viewed very sceptically by Civil Engineers because of the fact that it is very fine grained material having little shear strength. It can only be used in huge amount with reinforcement. Thus fly ash will provide bulk of the mass to the geotechnical system and the reinforcement will provide the necessary strength.The present investigation involves numerical analysis with a commercial finite element program PLAXIS. The advantage of developing such a finite element model is that it can be used to examine various configurations which have not been modeled experimentally in the study. The numerical study (usuing PLAXIS) has been carried out for un-reinforced/reinforced fly ash slopes having multiple layer of reinforcement at different depths from the top of the slope.The bearing capacity and the settlement ratio of a rigid plane strain footing placed on top of a slope comprised of air-dried fly-ash with and without a multiple layer of geogrid–geotextile reinforcement are the two major outcomes of this study. The results from PLAXIS are compared with the experimental modelling results from the existing literature for the stability of fly ash slope reinforced with multiple geogrid layer. Various other aspects, which influence the behaviour of footings resting on the top of an unreinforced slope and reinforced slope have been taken into consideration in the present study, are location of the reinforcement and depth of embedment which are incorporated within the body of a model waste material. The results obtained from the proposed analysis show good agreement with the experimental results and therefore may be used for design of reinforced slopes loaded with a surcharge at its top.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from civil student

NUMERICAL STUDY OF FOOTING ON SINGLE LAYER REINFORCED SLOPE By Amanpreet Kaur,civil

Abstract
Increasing demand of good construction sites opened a new direction to improve the weak soils to enable constructional operations possible on such soils. Among the various ground improvement techniques available, reinforced earth technique gained popularity over other techniques due to the overall economy and ease of construction, coupled with simplicity, which provides an added attraction to practicing engineers. Reinforced earth is formed by the association of soil and tension resistant elements in the form of sheets, strips, nets or mats of metal or synthetic fabric and arranged in such a way as to reduce or suppress the tensile strain, which might develop under gravity and boundary forces. Use of geosynthetics increases bond in the soil system due to the interlocking of soil particles with the reinforcement aperture as well as enhancing the bearing resistance of the transverse members of the reinforcement. Reinforced earth possesses many novel characteristics, which renders it eminently suitable for construction of engineering structures. The flexible nature of reinforced earth mass enables it to withstand large differential settlements as well without distress. Reinforced soil foundations may be used to construct shallow foundations on loose granular soils, soft fine grained soils or soft organic soils. The use of geosynthetics to improve the bearing capacity and settlement performance of shallow foundations has proven to be a cost effective foundation system. Geosynthetic reinforced soil has gained considerable popularity due to its wide application in the construction of geotechnical structures.Civil engineering structures are normally constructed on level ground but construction of such structures on top of a slope or on the slope are not uncommon. Further, in some engineering practice, structures such as bridge abutments or other traffic facilities have to be constructed close to the crest of a slope. The bearing capacity of a foundation constructed near the edge of slope reduces as compared to the foundation constructed on a horizontal ground surface. The investigation of bearing capacity of loaded slope is therefore one of the very important aspects in design of such structures because they are more liable to failure due to slope failure. Stability of such structures is thus inter-related with the stability of slopes. The positioning of footings in relation to the edge of the slope is another important aspect; which has implications not only on the safety but also on the overall design of such structures. A reinforced soil slope is a soil slope which is mechanically stabilised by reinforcements to maintain a steeper attitude than its normal safe angle without reinforcement. Reinforced slopes are cost effective alternatives for new construction where the cost of fill, right of way and other considerations make a steeper slope desirable. Typically geosynthetics are used for reinforcement in engineering slopes to increase the stability of the slopes, particularly if a steeper than safe unreinforced slope is desirable. When compared with reinforced earth retaining walls and to that for reinforced level ground, the problem of the behaviour of footings located in the vicinity of the crest of a reinforced sloped fill has received virtually no attention. In view of the importance of the problem, it is therefore useful to adopt a comprehensive study concerning stability of unreinforced as well as reinforced slopes loaded at the crest. The present investigation aims at a comprehensive study of the various parameters that affect the stability of unreinforced and reinforced earth slopes loaded with rigid strip footings. A Numerical analysis was carried out using a commercial finite element program PLAXIS version 8 (Brinkgreve and Vermeer 1998). The reinforced slope was analysed by varying the depth of embedment of the geosynthetic reinforcement and the corresponding pressure – displacement curves were compared to get the optimum value of embedment depth of reinforcement. Also the distance of the footing from edge of slope at crest was varied to analyse the effect of edge distance on bearing capacity behaviour of the footings constructed on reinforced and unreinforced earth slopes. Two types of soils (sand and silty soil) and three different types of geosynthetics were used in the study. The objectives of this study are (i) To determine the influence of geosynthetic reinforcement on the bearing-capacity characteristics of a footing on slope, (ii) To obtain an optimum depth of embedment of geosynthetic reinforcement layer and (iii) To analyse the effect of edge distance on bearing capacity characteristics of footing constructed on slope. The results of the investigation indicate that both the pressure–settlement behaviour and the ultimate bearing capacity of footing improved considerably by the inclusion of a reinforcing layer at the appropriate location in the fill slope. Based on results of numerical study, the critical value of embedment depth of geogrid layer for maximum reinforcing effects was established. The results of the study were also compared with the available literature for validation of finite element analysis.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE student

CALCULATING THE DESIGN METRICS FROM CLASS DAIGRAMS USING PROGRAM SLICING By Abhilesh Kumar,cse

Abstract
High cohesion or module strength indicates that a system has been well partitioned into components which have strong internal relationships between attribute, method and class. Cohesion is an important factor in term of software design. Coupling indicates the degree of interdependence among the component of a software system. Coupling is thought to be a desirable goal in software construction, leading to better value of internal attribute, such as maintainability, reusability and reliability.In the proposed work, creation of Class Dependency Graph from class diagram based on dependency between attributes-method, method-method is performed. In the present work the class dependency graph (CDG) is generated from the class diagram (CD). The static slicing is then applied on the class dependency graph (CDG) to obtain slices, cohesion and coupling is then calculated from the slices. In the past research the dependency graph of the class diagram were not used for calculating software metrics. This thesis proposed a new technique for calculating cohesion and coupling of a class diagram using program slicing technique, to develop a reliable and accurate software system.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE student

VHDL BASED PARTITIONING USING ANT COLONY TECHNIQUES By Seema,Electronics

Abstract
Partitioning is a key approach in reducing the connectivity between areas of the chip so that modules can be more efficiently placed and routed to reduce wire-length, congestion, and increase the speed of the overall design. The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is a probabilistic technique for solving computational problems, which can be reduced to finding good paths through graphs. Initially, proposed by Marco Dorigo in 1992 in his Ph.D. thesis, the first algorithm was aiming to search for an optimal path in a graph; based on the behaviour of ants seeking a path between their colony and a source of food. The original idea has since diversified to solve a wider class of numerical problems, and as a result, several problems have emerged, drawing on various aspects of the behaviour of ants. Ant colony optimization (ACO) takes inspiration from the foraging behaviour of some ant species. These ants deposit pheromone on the ground in order to mark some favorable path that should be followed by other members of the colony. Ant colony optimization exploits a similar mechanism for solving optimization problems. The overall improvement using the ACO approach is approximately 30%, which shows that the used technique is very effective in minimizing the mincuts. Present work demonstrates the versatility of ACO for bi-partitioning to minimize the Interconnections also called cuts. The objective of the thesis is to optimize the interconnections between the two partitions. The interconnections were calculated by applying the proposed ACO approach. Then the coding was done using VHDL. The netlist consisting of 12 nodes was used and ACO algorithm was applied to that netlist. MATLAB was used for generating the initial partitions, to calculate mincut and for the rest of the work, VHDL was used.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE student

STUDIES ON SCALING OF VARIOUS PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF VLSI CIRCUITS By Gurpreet Kaur,Electronics

Abstract
Very large scale integrated circuit (VLSI) has grown tremendously in the past three decades because of the consistent scaling of CMOS technologies. This reduction size has enabled very dense transistors chips that have improved speed, functionality and power dissipation compared to their predecessors. With the rapid growth of portable electronics devices, low powered design is crucial in the design of electronics. Therefore the focus of the industry has changed from high performance designs to low power designs to meet the demands of the portable electronics. To achieve an optimal design, tradeoffs exist between power and performance at each stage of the design. Scaling has been a driving force in making the MOS transistor dominant for integrated circuits. However, continued reduction in dimensions has caused increase in leakage power consumption. Five main sources of leakage power consumption are: Reverse- bias pn junction leakage, subthreshold leakage, Gate oxide tunnelling current, Gate current due to hot- carrier injection, Gate induced drain leakage current and channel punch through current. Simulations are carried out in Spice for 180 nm, 130 nm, 100 nm and 70 nm technology nodes. To suppress the leakage current in CMOS inverter, circuit level techniques are explored. Such as Forced PMOS, Forced NMOS, variable threshold CMOS, Reverse Body Bias and Multi threshold CMOS are explored to mitigate leakage power consumption. It is observed that Multi threshold NMOS got best simulated results for leakage power reduction. Multi threshold NMOS got 97% at 70 nm technology node, 92% at 100 nm technology node, 93% at 130 nm technology node and 94% leakage reduction over conventional CMOS at 180 nm technology node.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE student

CIRCUIT PARTITIONING WITH SWARM INTELLIGENCE USING VHDL By Ramanjot K. Jhajj,Electronics

Abstract
Partitioning plays an essential role in the VLSI design process. In order to build abstruse digital logic circuits it is often necessary to subdivide multi-million transistor circuit designs into realizable pieces. Hence Partitioning is a design task to break a bigger system into smaller pieces so that they can be implemented on separate interacting components and it also helps to solve arduous and abstruse combinatorial optimization problems as in logic or layout synthesis. Partitioning is done keeping in mind certain objectives that can be implemented independently or collectively. This report deals with partitioning of a VLSI circuit in such a way that the number of mincuts is minimized. The minimized interconnections not only reduces the delay but also reduces the interface between the partitions making it easier for independent design and fabrication. Minimizing the interconnections is also called Mincut problem. This objective may be optimized using an Optimization=20 technique such as Ant Colony optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization, Stimulated Annealing Technique etc. Optimization technique used in this dissertation is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The algorithm is developed to implement the PSO technique for circuit partitioning and finding the global best position,i.e. minimum min-cut. The Standard ISPD 9298 benchmark formatted Net List files are used for testing and simulation. The simulation and algorithm are implemented in MATLAB Software and Active HDL. We got better results for certain circuits for min-cut. As the future scope of this work, these algorithms can be implemented on multi-million transistor circuits and CPU execution time and delay can also be taken into account as an additional parameter to optimize.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE student

CIRCUIT PARTITIONING WITH HYBRID PSO ACO APPROACH USING VHDL By Gurpreet K. Walia,Electronics

Abstract
In order to 20 implement a large circuit, it is necessary to break that circuit into smaller 20 circuits because of the various limitations associated with the implementation 20 of large circuits like I/O pin limitations. So, partitioning is necessary as it 20 plays an essential role in the VLSI design process. Partitioning is = basically a 20 design task to break a bigger system into smaller pieces to be implemented on=20 separate interacting components. It also helps to solve difficult and = complex=20 optimization problems. This report deals with the aim to = minimize number=20 of interconnections between the partitions of a VLSI circuit, keeping in = mind=20 all the constraints. The minimized interconnections also reduces the = delay and=20 the interface between the partitions making it easier for independent = design and=20 fabrication. Minimizing the interconnections is also called Mincut = problem. This=20 objective may be optimized using an Optimization technique such as Ant = Colony=20 optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization etc. For this dissertation, = Particle=20 Swarm Optimization(PSO) and Ant Colony Optimization(ACO) algorithms are = used. For testing this method, various = netlists are=20 taken from the Standard ISPD=9298 benchmark. MATLAB was used for generating the = initial=20 partitions, to calculate mincut and for the rest of the work, VHDL was=20 used. We got better results = for=20 certain circuits for min-cut.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE student

NON INVASIVE RESPIRATORY RHYTHM MONITORING By Ekta Gupta,cse

Abstract
This thesis presents a new method of measuring noninvasive respiration. Non-Conventional method of nasal cavity temperature measurement is being employed. The review considers non-invasive methods and devices claimed to provide information about respiratory rate or depth, or gas exchange. Methods are categorized into those responding to movement, volume and tissue composition detection; air flow; and blood gas concentration. The merits and limitations of the methods and devices are analyzed, considering information content and their ability to minimize the rate of false alarms and false non-alarms. Non-Invasive method considers the systems that rest on the skin or those using samples of inspired or expired gases. The system includes a sensor producing data corresponding to temperature of airflow in a respiratory system of a body, this is then amplified and fed to Micro-controller for processing. The output can then be send to LCD or remote display Unit, We have interfaced PC with the Unit to show that the data can be processed onsite and offsite and further can be used in telemetry. This thesis shows and Analyzes how this approach drastically reduces and cost and time. It is concluded that the field of non-invasive respiratory monitoring is still in an exploratory phase, with numerous reports on specific device solutions but less work on evaluation and adaptation to clinical requirements. We implemented this prototype as a development environment for circadian analysis of breathing. A differential breathing sensor with the low power microcontroller is used for prolonged monitoring during normal activity. It stores the acquired information locally and scans the quality of wireless link. Stored data set is uploaded periodically, without user intervention, when the wireless link of good quality is available. This significantly increases the scope of normal activity during circadian breathing rhythm evaluation.The circuit was designed using OrCAD and National Instruments Multisim. Microcontroller programming was done through Keil and Flashprogrammer. Code for PC was written in VB6.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE student

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR PROTEIN CLASS PREDICTION By Gangandeep Kaur,cse

Abstract
One of the most important applications of bioinformatics is searching of an effective drug to cure human diseases. This process of drug discovery involves identifying a target protein whose inhibition can destroy the pathogen. Before the scientists discover any new medicines for a disease, they need to explore the reason for such a condition. The protein function prediction for drug discovery is usually based on the existing facts about how the proteins interact with each other, how the genes are altered, how the cells get affected and how the disease affects the patient. But it is a highly time consuming process, so some effective technique must be applied for the problem of drug discovery as it involves a large amount of data to be handled. So, neural networks have been applied for the drug discovery process as they have the ability to derive meaning from complicated data, detect patterns and trends that are too complicated to be determined by other techniques. Artificial neural networks are a form of machine learning from the field of artificial intelligence and can be utilized in many areas of bioinformatics. In the present work, neural networks have been implemented for the classification of the large data set through MATLAB. The data is input into the neural network which trains the whole data through the feed forward algorithm. The performance of the neural network and the states that occur after training are presented in the graphical form. The network further predicts the human protein class through the values of the different features of the data. The results are shown in the form of graph. A rmean square error graph is also plotted which shows its variations with the number of input parameters.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE student

IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE IN DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENT BY MAINTAINING CONSISTENCY IN CACHE By BOSHANPREET BHATHAL,CSE

Abstract

In many client-server scenarios, data is often stored at a central database server. This central server supports various client servers which interface with the end user. In case the client servers are remote, data may be retrieved from long distances. This often results in problems such as shortage of communication bandwidth, expensive trips to the database and unacceptable response times. A key idea for solving this problem is to store copies of the data locally on the remote servers in order to reduce the number of data retrieval operations over long distances. Locally storing data copies is called caching. By locally storing data at the point of usage, communication bandwidth is saved and response time is shortened. Data is often distributed and replicated over different caches to improve performance. With distributed caching, problems arise over time if copies of data become inconsistent, causing the local copy of the data to be out of sync with the contents of the central database, or with the other cached copies. These inconsistencies may result from local updates on the cached data or due to an outdated version of the cached data compared to what is stored on other caches. To overcome this problem, some caches employ an invalidation policy for informing all the other caches that the data has been updated and causing them to update the invalidated data. The goal of this thesis is to propose procedures, aiming at propagating invalidations while reducing the costs of data transfers for several scenarios with varying parameters, such as network topology or number of transactions

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from Prod student

APPLICATION OF FEM FOR CRACK ANALYSIS OF RAILWAY WHEEL By HARMESH LAL,Production

Abstract
Railway wheel fails due to fatigue and fracture due to presence of defects. Preliminary assessment of this type of damage can prevent catastrophic failure of railway vehicle. Many defects are present after manufacturing of wheel by proper analysis these defects can eradicate the failure of wheel. When a crack is present in the wheel, fracture mechanics approach to find out the chances of crack propagation can be applied using stress intensity factor. During Service life, wheel subjected multi-axial cyclic loadings is a nature of rolling contact fatigue. By focusing our attention on the damage process related to the wheel–rail interface behavior, wear can be distinguished that consists in the uniform removal of material from the rim. Surface contact fatigue, which exists in the initiation and propagation of a crack

originated on the free surface due to the cyclic repetition of the contact pressure.

The main objective of this analysis is to find out the stress intensity factor for a crack present in the railway wheel. The crack is a circular shaped like a penny. The theoretical formulation of wheel–rail interaction and crack propagation has to be understood well before simulation attempted. For simulation since crack is very small in size we consider a 3D cylindrical model of the contact area in railway wheel containing the crack is considered and the same loading and boundary conditions are applied on it. For concentrating on contact patch a 3D cylindrical model of the contact area is considered. A 3D Model of small contact area is to be made, which is cylindrical in shape and also to be focused on half 3D cylindrical and analysis of internal subsurface crack is done in ABAQUS.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from Prod student

INVESTIGATIONS FOR IMPROVING PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC COMPONENT BY SILICON MOULDING PROCESS By Vipul Sharma,Production

Abstract

The purpose of the present study is to experimentally investigate and optimize the mould fabrication process, based on vacuum casting for plastic component. Starting from the identification of component, prototype with three different types of material were prepared under three different conditions of temperature, time and mixing ratio. Measurements on the coordinate measuring machine helped in calculating the dimensional tolerances of the plastic components produced. Further relation between hardness, dimensional accuracy and surface roughness in vacuum casting and other controllable parameter has been deduced by Taguchi technique L9 orthogonal array (OA). The study highlighted the optimized input parameter settings in-terms of dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, micro-hardness for plastic components. Final component produced are acceptable as per IS standard UNI EN 20286-I (1995) and DIN 16901 standards for plastics. The results of study highlighted that the percentage contribution of input parameters (like: material type, mixing ratio and de-mould temperature) for dimensional accuracy is 86%, 1% and 9%; for surface roughness is 1%, 92%, 1% and for micro hardness it is 86%, 2%, 10%. Final results are supported by SEM analysis.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from Prod student

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR CASTING OF AI SIC METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE WITH VACUUM MOULDING By Jaswinder Singh,Production

Abstract

Aluminium (Al) based metal matrix composites (MMC) have many potential engineering applications. There has been a critical need for casting of cost-effective MMC. Not much work hitherto been reported for casting of Al based MMC with vacuum moulding. An approach to macro-model the micro hardness and dimensional accuracy for casting of MMC of Al and its alloys have been proposed and applied. Relationship between micro hardness, dimensional accuracy and other parameter has been deduced by using Taguchi’s technique L9 orthogonal array (OA). Results indicate that the hardness of MMC developed depends significantly on the component volume, pouring temperature and composition. The comparison with experimental results will also serve as future validation of the model.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from Prod student

A NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF RESIDUAL STRESSES IN BUTT WELDING OF TWO MILD STEEL PLATES By Gurdeep Singh,Production

Abstract

Welding is a reliable and efficient joining process in which the coalescence of metals is achieved by fusion. Due to the intense concentration of heat in the heat source of welding, the regions near the weld line undergo severe thermal cycles. The thermal cycles cause non-uniform heating and cooling in the material, thus generating inhomogeneous plastic deformation and residual stresses in and around fusion zone and heat affected zone (HAZ). Due to these residual stresses produced in and around the weld zone the strength and life of the component is reduced. In this present study, the behavior of residual stresses was studied, in two 10 mm thick Fe410WC mild steel plates butt welded using the Metal Active Gas (MAG) process. Three types of V-butt weld joint – two-pass, three-pass and four-pass were considered in the present study. An experimental method (X-ray diffraction) and numerical analysis (Finite Element Analysis) were then carried out to calculate the residual stress values in the welded plates. It was concluded that when temperature distribution increases then the residual stress also increase. The peak residual stress measured by numerically and experimentally at the centre of weld bead during different passes were 113 MPa and 106 MPa, respectively. The results obtained by finite element method agree well with those from experimental X-ray diffraction method.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from Prod student

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF MAGNETIC ABRASIVE FINISHING AND BUFFING By Rajwinder Singh,Production

Abstract

Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF) Process is one of advanced fine machining techniques in the category of Non -Conventional Machining Processes. In MAF, a relative motion is given to the work piece or to magnetic poles. The cutting force is provided and controlled with the help of magnetic flux, distance between electromagnetic poles and magnetic abrasives. The conventional process such as fine grinding, buffing are commonly used in industry for finishing of surfaces. Industrial pollution, Noise and Dust, Health hazards, more power consumption etc. are some of the undesirable factors which involve with the conventional machining processes. In spite of the remarkable results of the MAF for metal finishing, this process is least explored in Indian Industry. The reason may be due to lack of awareness about the effectiveness of the process. Literature available on the process indicates that considerable research work has been reported on the optimization of the process parameters and some other aspects. As regards to comparative evaluation of MAF with existing processes of finishing, negligible information is available in the literature. In the present work, MAF has been compared with Buffing process which is mostly used for finishing purposes. An actual component of Brass being manufactured in the industry has been chosen and experiments were performed to check the performance of MAF considering required quality aspects of the component. The results of this thesis work indicate that MAF may be used as an alternative process in place of Buffing which creates poor working conditions at shop floor. For the same quality charterisitics, MAF comes out to be economical (less power consumption), safe (decrease in rotation speed of equipment) and clean (dust free) process.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from IND student

APPLICATION OF REVERSE LOGISTICS IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF BOTTLING PLANT By Nikil Walia,Industrial

Abstract

Reverse logistics is one of the latest research areas providing economic and environmental benefits to the society. It deals with the backward movement of the products or services in the supply chain system. In a closed loop supply chain system integration of returned products and new products is needed to sustain demand and supply requirements. The present study was conducted for a glass bottling plant which reuses the glass bottles. The requirement of the new bottles with respect to returned bottles were found. The study was carried out at Ludhiana Beverages Limited, Ludhiana. The industry has four major distribution routes viz. Route I, Route II, Route III and Route IV. Starting from the identifications of the parameters of bottling process, a mathematical algorithm was derived. The study highlighted the requirement of new bottles for each distribution route. It was found that amongst the four routes the route III was responsible for 49.69% of the total requirement of all the routes. The results indicated sharp increase in the requirement of new bottles with an increase in return time.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from EE student

ENERGY AUDIT OF HOT ROLLING MILL IN JSL STAINLESS LTD.HISAR By Manoj Bhardwaj,Electrical

Abstract

JSL Stainless Limited is one of the leading and professionally managed steel industry of India. This company was set up in 1970 by the steel visionary Mr. O.P. Jindal, has grown up in a multi unit steel plant in Hisar, Haryana. JSL Stainless Ltd. is a ISO: 9001 & ISO: 14001 company is the flagship company of the Jindal Organization. Now, at Hisar, JSL Stainless Ltd. has India's only composite stainless steel plant for the manufacture of Stainless Steel Slabs, Blooms, Hot rolled and Cold Rolled Coils, 60% of which are exported worldwide. This company in so many units out of which steckel unit of hot rolling mill is selected for energy audit, as it is the main component of JSL Stainless Ltd., Hisar. All of the other units dependent upon it. It is obvious that energy audit is the key to a systematic approach for decision-making in the area of energy management. In general, Energy Audit is the translation of conservation ideas into realities, by lending technically feasible solutions with economic and other organizational considerations within a specified time frame. First of all in this energy audit work essential or preliminary data is gathered. This is also termed as preliminary audit which uses only available data and is completed with limited diagnostic instruments. This collection of data relies on all the relevant written, oral visual information that can lead to a quick diagnosis of the plant energy situation. This also focuses on the identification of obvious sources of energy wastage's. Then with the analysis of this collected data along with the use of sophisticated instruments such as flow meter, pressure gauge, power analyzer etc. The typical out put of this energy audit is a set of recommendations as per the estimate of the scope for saving, identified the most likely and easiest area for attention and also with some proposals for immediate improvement especially with no/low/heavy cost action. SUMMARY OF PROPOSALS WITH CONCLUSION: 1. Replacement of induction motors with energy efficient motors whose working hours are 12 hrs or above per day with 15 HP and higher capacity motors with attractive pay back period. 2. Installation of a Star-Delta-Star Converter with built in microprocessor based relay for those induction motors whose load varies below & above 40%. 3. Because of good performance of motors at constant voltage it is proposed to keep constant voltage at motor terminal as voltage fluctuations are much in steel industry. 4. To reduce cable losses use of another same size cable in parallel, replacement the existing cable with large size cable or 30-40% power factor correction equipment is proposed to connect at load terminal. 5. Replacement of all filament lamps is proposed with LED energy efficient lamp in all control panels of motors. 6. Replacement of specific conventional transformer such as 1.6 KVA, 2 KVA, 2.5 KVA, 3 KVA & 4 KVA are proposed with energy efficient transformer to reduce losses. Re-scheduling of distribution transformer is also proposed to reduce losses by load sharing. An indoor conventional type distribution transformer is also proposed to replace with a cast resin dry type transformer. 7. A separate lightening feeder is also proposed for main lightening as well as street lightening and also proposed to operate all lightening circuit at 215 Volt by using servo voltage stabilizer. 8. A neutral compensator is also proposed for uneven distribution of load as there is different phase to neutral voltage and heavy return current flow in neutral line. 9. Selection of pump should be as per requirement of flow and head as well as it should be based on BEP curve so that the energy can be saved. Identified pumps should be controlled through variable frequency drive. To save energy the pumps do require periodic maintenance. 10. There must be provision of energy management system (EMS) in the organization so that there can be increase in productivity and desired target can be achieved with system reliability and improvement in energy utilization.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE student

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF QUEUING DISCIPLINES FOR NETWORKS By Navjot Kaur,cse

Abstract
With rapid growth of internet, customers are demanding multimedia applications to be available on internet. The Network should maintain a good QoS (Quality of Service) to provide satisfactory results to the user. As congestion increases, the performance of network decades. To avoid congestion various queuing disciplines are used which assigns priorities to different applications to enhance the network performance. In scheduling data packets over the network, queue service disciplines are used to determine service priority, delay bound, jitter bound and bandwidth. The main function of the queuing discipline is to control how packets enqueued on that particular link. The queuing disciplines can be used to control which packets get transmitted (bandwidth allocation) and which packets get dropped (buffer space).The various queuing disciplines that are used to transmit packets are: FIFO (First In first out), PQ (Priority queue), WFQ (Weighted Fair Queue), CQ (Custom Queue), MDRR (Modified Deficit Weighted Round Robin), MWRR (multicast weighted Round Robin) and DWRR (Deficit Weighted Round robin). Comparative investigation on different queuing disciplines has been investigated. The present work emphasis on how CSFQ and FRED queuing disciplines controls and enqueues incoming packets on the particular link available. From the simulation results, it has been analyzed that Core Stateless Queuing Discipline receives more packets as compared to Flow Random Early Drop mechanism and shows minimum delay. The simulation results are carried out by NS-2. CSFQ and several other algorithms are analysed on wide variety of conditions. CSFQ achieve a significant degree of fairness in all of these circumstances. It is comparable or superior to FRED, and vastly better than the baseline cases of RED and FIFO

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE student

OPTIMIZATION OF GAIN AND VSWR OF HELICAL ANTENNA FOR DIFFERENT OPERATING FREQUENCIES USING GENETIC ALGORITHM By Mnadeep Kaur,Electronics

Abstract This thesis is concerned with optimization of helical antenna and investigations on gain and VSWR at different operating frequencies. The helical antennas are designed with its geometrical parameters like length, number of turns, base radius and tip radius. These antennas can work up to so many ranges of frequencies with the considerations of its applications.Helical antennas have long been popular in applications from VHF to microwaves requiring circular polarization, since they have the unique property of naturally providing circularly polarized radiation. One area that takes advantage of this property is satellite communications. It may also be used as a feed for a parabolic dish for higher gains. So main advantage of helical antenna is that the dimensions are not critical.The genetic algorithm (GA) is used to design and optimized helical antennas that provide a significantly larger bandwidth than conventional helices with the same size. Over the bandwidth of operation, the GA-optimized helix offers considerably smaller axial-ratio and slightly higher gain than the conventional helix. Also, the input resistance remains relatively constant over the bandwidth. On the other hand, for nearly the same bandwidth and gain, the GA-optimized helix offers a size reduction of 2:1 relative to the conventional helix. Optimization techniques are used to either synthesize an antenna from given radiation characteristics or simply improve existing antenna designs. The genetic algorithm is a robust, stochastic search method that models its processes after the principles of natural selection and evolution. These genetic algorithms are very useful for finding optimum antenna designs that maximize or minimize certain radiation properties.The helical antenna provides circular polarization and relatively constant gain and input impedance over a wide frequency range when operating in the axial mode. There are many variations in geometrical parameters of the helix that have been studied to improve the axial ratio, bandwidth, gain, voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) and size.In this work helical antenna is designed using geometrical parameters at desired frequency. Then those geometrical parameters are varied to get optimized value of gain and further performance of helical antenna is analyzed. Size of any antenna is a matter of concern as in the recent developments and applications like in Wi-Fi devices in small size satellites. Earlier the work was done on optimization of helical antenna using genetic algorithm with the use of NEC2 software but in this work genetic algorithm is used with Super NEC simulation. The antenna design and optimization is performed in Super NEC software using GA optimizer. The simulation results have attained gain of 11.95 to 13.07 dB and VSWR<1.5 on different operating frequencies.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from cse Student

MOBILITY:AWARE CACHE MANAGEMENT IN WIRELESS ENVIRONMENT By Gagandeep Kaur,cse

Abstract In infrastructure wireless environments, a base station provides communication links between mobile client and remote servers. Placing a proxy cache at the base station is an effective way of managing the wireless Internet bandwidth efficiently. However, in the situation of non-uniform heavy traffic, requests of all the mobile clients in the service area of the base station may cause overload in the cache. If the proxy cache has to release some cache space for the new mobile client in the environment, overload occurs. In this thesis, we propose a novel cache management strategy to decrease the penalty of overloaded traffic on the proxy and to reduce the number of remote accesses by increasing the cache hit ratio. We predict the number of overload ahead of time based on its history and adapt the cache for the heavy traffic to be able to provide continuous and fair service to the current mobile clients and incoming ones.We have tested the algorithms over a real implementation of the cache management system in presence of fault tolerance and security. For experiment, we have used 12 Wireless machines divided into 3 networks. In our cache replacement algorithm, mobility of the clients, predicted overload number, size of the cached packets and their access frequencies are considered altogether. Performance results show that our cache management strategy outperforms the existing policies with less number of overloads and higher cache hit ratio.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from PROD Student

MINIMISATION OF WASTE USING LEAN TOOLS:A CASE STUDY OF TRACTOR INDUSTRY By Paramdeep Singh,Production

Abstract Lean manufacturing is an end to end collection of processes that create value for the customer. In lean manufacturing, the value of product is defined solely by the customer. The goal of lean manufacturer is to reduce the wastage in any form viz. in human effort, inventory and time to market, space and process on components to become highly responsive to customer demand. A tractor industry is an effective management of the flow of products and services through the series of the activities involved in creating value to the customer. The road map of journey is known as the value stream. The aim of the research using value stream mapping was to identify all types of non value added wastes in the value stream and to take actions to try to eliminate these wastes. The present research mainly focused on the description of a model that was developed to contrast the “before” and “after” scenarios in detail in order to obtain various benefits such as reduced production lead time and lower work in process inventory.The current manufacturing system has been compared with the proposed pull system which shows the benefits of the proposed lean manufacturing system over the existing traditional manufacturing system. The development of present research work has been done using Igrafx software which calculates needed production time to meet customer demands and quickly identify the process steps that are not aligned with takt time. IGrafx software has been used for making current state and future state value stream mapping. The present research work has been carried out at a Tractor industry which shows 50.5% reduction in total lead time in the future state value mapping of the crank case and the number of operators involved in processing of crank case has also been reduced from 22 to 18.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE Student

DESIGN OF FRACTAL ANTEENA By Namrata Lamba,Electronics

Abstract A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses a fractal, self-similar design to maximize the length, or increase the perimeter (on inside sections or the outer structure) of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation within a given total surface area or volume. A good example of a fractal antenna as a spacefilling curve which is in the form of a shrunken fractal helix. Here, each line of copper is just small fraction of a wavelength.A fractal is a rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be subdivided in parts, each of which is a reduced-size copy of the whole. Fractals are generally self-similar and independent of size scaling. Due to this we come upon the amazing realization that a fractal shaped metal element can be used as an antenna over a very large band of frequencies. There are many mathematical structures that are fractals; e.g. Sierpinski’s gasket, Cantor’s comb, von Koch’s snowflake, the Mandelbrot set, the Lorenz attractor, et al. Fractals also describe many real-world objects, such as clouds, mountains, turbulence, and coastlines that do not correspond to simple geometric shapes. The terms fractal and fractal dimension are due to Mandelbrot, who is the person most often associated with the mathematics of fractals (Mandelbrot, 1983). We can trace the origins of fractal theory, though he did not name it, to Helge Von Koch. In 1904 von Koch devised a curve that does not have a tangent anywhere. The curve defined by Von Koch is the basis for a class of fractals that bears his name. Also of importance to the early development of fractals (even before they were named by Mandelbrot) is the work of the English meteorologist Lewis Fry Richardson, who studied the relation between the perimeter of an island and the scale of the measurement use to measure it. All of this work builds on the point-set theory put forth by George Cantor (1870) .Mandelbrot included a definition of fractal dimension (of a geometric object) when he first talked about the concept of fractal in 1977. This definition, based on one given by Hausdorff in 1919, involves a limit process. Basically, it is the change in object size vs. the change in measurement scale, as the measurement scale approaches zero. Logarithms are used for both size and scale. (a) Dragon curve (b) Mengersponge (c) Volcano

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from IND Student

IMPLEMENTATION OF WORK SAMPLING TECHNIQUE TO INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY:A CASE STUDY By Janender Kumar,Industrial

Abstract In global as well as in domestic market, survival of industries is becoming more tougher due to competition and under utilization of available resources. So, need arises in industries to remove the obstacles, which are the reasons of lower productivity / under utilization of capacity. In manufacturing organizations, the work improvement can be effectively carried out by means of low cost modification in the existing work process and work station design. Proper utilization of available resources like labour, space and machines are quite necessary. No. of techniques are available which can be used to increase the utilisation of available resources. Work study is an important tool in productivity improvement in industrial organisations, especially if the company wants to survive and cope with present day market competition. Work study is a generic term for those techniques particularly method study and work measurement which are used in examination of human work in all its context and which lead systematically to investigation of all factors which effect the efficiency.Work sampling is one of the technique of work measurement which is used to identify the working and idle time, on basis of observation taken. In this study, an attempt is made to reduce the idle time for enhancing productivity. The study is done in Swastik Industries at Kaithal (Haryana). It is engaged in manufacturing of submersible pumps. Two sections of the company were selected for study namely, m/c section – I & m/c & assembly section – II. After preliminary study with work sampling technique, it was observed that actual utilization of available resources of m/c section -1 is 68 % and for m/c & assembly section –II is 77.87 % respectively. On the basis of available data, these sections of plant were considered for analysis as there was scope of improvement. It observed that productivity was increased from 68% to 80.65% of m/c section –I and from 77.87% to 83.54% of m/c & assembly section –II.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from IND Student

QUALITY OF GROUND WATER AND ITS IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTH:A CASE STUDY OF LOHIAN BLOCK By Sewa Singh,Industrial

Abstract Pollution all around the world is a major health hazard for the human society and animals. Most of the rural population in India is solely depended on ground water, which is depleting at a fast rate because of polluted natural resources. Lack of awareness and carelessness of modern civilization about the importance and scarcity of these resources, are behind the scenario. Due to human negligence the development of mankind has also given birth to such an elevated level of pollution, in this series of development the industrialization in Punjab has adversely affected the surface water sources of the state. The world is now awakening on these issues so as to reduce the rate of depletion of natural resources and hence the hazard to the society by creating awareness about the situation. Present Study is an attempt to assess the drinking water quality and its impacts on human health in the rural area of block Lohian khas, in district Jalandhar of Doaba region. Samples of ground water from five villages have been taken and tested. The water sample analysis report shows that 65% have excessive fluoride (>1 mg/L), 100% have excessive Turbidity (> 5NTU*), 55% have excessive Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) (>500 mg/L), and 10% have excessive Total Hardness (>600 mg/L). For this study 300 respondents were selected from these villages to assess the impact of drinking water quality. It has been observed that Premature graying of hair (52%), Hair fall (53%), Typhoid (45%), Fever (60%), Yellowish teeth (69%), Joint pain (56%), Diarrhea (64%) are the major diseases prevailing in the region. To validity the data education, income, age and occupation were found significantly associated with awareness about the sources of pollution at 5% level. *Nephlometric Turbidity Unit

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from IND Student

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR STATISTICALLY CONTROLLED RAPID MOULDING SOLUTION OF PLASTICS USING FDM By Ishpreet Singh,Industrial

Abstract FDM Rapid Prototyping- FDM also known as Fused Deposition Modeling is layered manufacturing process. In this process a thin bead of molten plastic is extruded through the computer controlled nozzle, which is deposited on a layer-by-layer basis to construct a prototype directly from 3D CAD data, is being widely used in diverse areas from the building of aesthetic prototypes to the production of tools and moulds for technological prototypes. Purpose- The purpose of the present study is to experimentally investigate statistically controlled rapid moldings (RM) solutions for plastic components using Fused Deposition Modeling. Design/methodology- Starting from the identification of component/benchmark, prototypes of ABS plastic material were prepared, at different orientations. Measurements on the coordinate measuring machine helped in calculating the dimensional tolerances of the components prepared. Some important mechanical properties were also compared to verify the suitability of the components.Findings-The research proved that the best orientation and support material quantity for the selected component from dimensional accuracy and economic point of view as RM solution for plastic components. Final components prepared are acceptable as per ISO standard UNI EN 20286-I (1995) and DIN16901.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from PROD Student

PATTERN DEVELOPMENT FOR HAND TOOL DIE WITH FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING:A CASE SYUDY By H. K. Garg,Production

Abstract Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a relatively new prototyping technique in which parts can be produced rapidly and accurately. The component produced by FDM can be utilized for investment casting or it can be used for development of dies. The present work started with the identification of the bench mark/component. Prototypes were built with ABS plastic material and measurements were made on the co-ordinate measuring machine from which IT grades were calculated to check the dimensional accuracy of the components. The purpose of this study is to find whether the FDM process is capable of producing a pattern for manufacturing a die for hand tool with good dimensional accuracy. The study involves best settings of machine by varying the part orientations and studying the effect on the consumption of the model material, support material and the time taken for production. Morphology of the components at various orientations was also studied to give an insight to the quality of the product produced at various orientations. Measured mechanical properties like micro hardness indicated the suitability of the process. Final components produced are acceptable as per ISO standard UNI EN 20286-I (1995) and DIN16901.The results of study suggest FDM process lies within ± 6 sigma and value of cp, cpk is greater than 1 which conforms that FDM process is highly capable process for industrial applications.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from IND Student

ERGONOMICAL IMPROVEMENT OF SHOE CARTON LIFTING TASKS USING MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION By Gurdeep Singh,Industrail

Abstract Footwear industry is India’s major export oriented industry employing a large number of workers. Shoe-carton lifting is a tedious job carried out frequently in the packing department of the shoe factories. It is observed that shoe carton lifters are prone to musculo-skeletal disorders especially low back pain as the job demand of this task exceeds human capabilities. These musculoskeletal disorders (pain in back, neck, shoulders and upper limbs) occur mainly due to awkward postures and high load handling wherein repetitive lifting, bending, and twisting motions of the torso lead to lower back pain of workers. In such an adverse conditions prevailing over there; the shoe-carton lifting tasks need to be studied and redesigned to make the work practices safer by reducing the stresses placed on the soft tissues of the body to acceptable limits making the work within safer limits and simultaneously maintaining the required productivity levels. It can be well achieved by designing proper workplace designs for shoe-carton lifting tasks using ergonomic interventions taking into consideration the workplace constraints and safety and production constraints too. This can be taken as a multi-objective optimization problem with two objectives – maximization of productivity and maximization of safety of workers. In the present work, Genetic Algorithm (GA), a form of evolutionary computation, is applied to address the problem of designing safe lifting tasks within the constraints of the work place using the NIOSH Revised Work Practices Guide for Manual Lifting as its design criteria. The present work demonstrate the procedure and outcome of ergonomically developed population of solutions serving as feasible solution set for 5 different shoe factories. These solution sets represents multiple groups of lifting parameters adapted to the productivity and safety requirements set by the ergonomist for different shoe factories. The results obtained are feasible for their implementation as ergonomically designed shoe-carton lifting tasks in their respective firms and upon their implementation are able to maximize the productivity of firm in the form of available extra time with the workers by reducing the time taken by each worker for the given specific task. They are also able to maximize the safety of workers as indicated by Lifting Index (LI) criteria; as upon successful intervention of ergonomically designed shoe-carton lifting tasks the LI ranging in Severe danger zone (Above 3) is successfully reduced to be within safer limits (LI = 1 or less).

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE Student

CONVOLUTIONAL CODE ENCODER DESIGN USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION By Poonam,Electronics

Abstract
In modern digital communication system, error control technology is usually used for reliable communication. Convolutional code was first introduced by Peter Elias in 1995. Convolutional code is used as error correcting code in a wide variety of communication and recording systems. Convolutional code is frequently used to correct error in noisy channel. It has good correcting capability and performs well on bad channels (with error probability of about 10-3). Unlike the block code, convolutional code is not a memory less device. Convolutional code encoder consists of shift registers and mod-2 adders..Even though convolutional code accepts a fixed number of message symbols and produce a fixed number of code symbols. Its computation depends not only on the current set of input symbols but also on some of previous input symbols. The performance of convolutional code depends upon the connections between shift registers and mod-2 adders. So the particular connection combination affects the error correcting capability of convolutional code. Convolutional code has many encoder structures (outputs connection with shift registers). The complexity of convolutional code encoder structure increased with the number of states. We have investigated that the PSO algorithm finds to be the best connections for convolutional code encoder.
PSO algorithm has some good features such as good diversity, wide searching area and strong global optimize capability. So the best convolutional code encoder structure based upon particles swarm optimization algorithm is presented in this paper.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from PROD Student

EFFECT OF DEEP CRYOGENIC TREATMENT ON THE ELECTRODE LIFE OF RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING By Upkar Singh Sidhu,Production

Abstract
Resistance spot welding is the main joining method of assembling auto body, but spot welding of galvanized steel sheets is still problematic because of rapid electrode wear and short electrode life. Between one-half and three-quarters of the cost of a spot weld is the electrode cost. Greater savings would be realized if the electrode’s life could be improved. Electrode life is defined as the number of welds made with a pair of electrodes, while maintaining weld button diameters above a specified minimum value. For many years, to improve electrode life for spot welding, many researchers have been looking for various types of ways to improve the thermal physical properties and electrical conductivity of electrodes, such as developing new copper alloy materials, changing the properties of the electrode surface and developing high-quality complex materials, etc. However, all of these are limited or costly. Deep cryogenic treatment technology is applied for the treatment of electrodes for spot welding galvanized steel plates to improve electrode life. Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction is used to check the microstructure and element distribution of cryogenic treated and non-cryogenic treated electrodes.
The present experimental work has been undertaken with the following objective.
1) Experimentations to investigate the effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the electrode life of resistance spot welding.
Design of experiments is employed for conducting experiments on spot welding machine and analyzing the data. The experimental results indicate that the deep cryogenic treatment of the electrodes causes the grains to rearrange and settle into a more compact structure. The grain size is also found to be smaller than in non cryogenic treated electrodes. Electrode life is considerably enhanced after cryogenic treatment

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE Student

COMPUTATIONAL MODEL FOR PROKARYOTIC AND KUKARYOTIC GENE PREDICTION By Sandeep Kaur,cse

Abstract
The research in bioinformatics has accumulated large amount of data. As the hardware technology is advancing, the cost of storing is decreasing. The biological data is available in different formats and is comparatively more complex. Knowledge discovery from these large and complex databases is a key problem of this era. Data mining and machine learning techniques are needed which can be scaled to the size of the problems and can be used for the prediction of the sequences. The main purpose of this research work is to predict the class of gene from the input DNA sequence by using the clustering algorithm that works at back-end. Input DNA sequence is spliced and open reading are identified. For identification of consensus sequences various data for the consensus sequence is collected and data mining algorithm is applied for creation of clusters. Identifying open reading frames in intermediate step and gene density is calculated at the end. GC content is usually expressed as a percentage value. This model saves the implementation time, as whole of the database is present online the sequence to be predicted is just taken from any of the online available databases. Several experiments have been done where the parameters of gene prediction are changed manually. The performance has been tested on different unknown DNA sequences found on the internet

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from CSE Student

PREDICTING HUMAN PROTEIN FUNCTION BASED ON DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING USING DECISION TREE By Simarjit Kaur,cse

Abstract
Drug discovery is today’s frontier of science. Numerous changes are now occurring in pharmaceutical industry, not just in the way that industry is perceived, but also in rapid expansion of biomedical and drug discovery. The task of discovering safe and effective drugs is more promising as our knowledge of disease increases. Before any potential new medicine can be discovered, scientists work to understand the disease to be treated as well as possible, and to unravel the underlying cause of the condition. They try to understand how the genes are altered, how that affects the proteins they encode and how those proteins interact with each other in living cells, how those affected cells change the specific tissue they are in and finally how the disease affects the entire patient. This knowledge is the basis for treating the problem. In present work, CART classifier proposed for classifying large data set with the help of distributed processing. Decision trees are effective classification algorithms. Each attribute of the data is examined in turned and ranked according to its ability to partition the remaining data. The data are propagated along the branches of the tree until sufficient attributes have been chosen to correctly classify them. Each leaf of the tree represents a subset of the data that lies wholly in one class. Decision trees have a tendency to over-fit the training data. The classifier is executed in distributed environment. The accuracy of prediction comes out to be 80%. It is better than the previous techniques. The timing diagrams are also shown with respect to the CPU time taken.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from EE Student

SMART METERING THE COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS:A CASE STUDY By Reena Brar,Electrical

Abstract
State utilities have been striving hard to improve revenue collection and manage load and demand so that they can extend the best possible support to their customers. A major omission is the neglect of demand-side management (DSM) opportunities in India. Demand side management improves quality of supply and strengthens the electrical system, resulting in higher consumer satisfaction. Another problem faced by the utilities is the huge overhead of meter reading, billing, bill distribution, payment collection, warning to defaulters’ disconnections and handling consumer grievances. These activities involve considerable amount of time and effort, which add to the already high overheads. Implementation of prepayment metering, remote control and AMR (advanced metering technology, also known as Smart Metering) can play a major role in resolving the problems. The development of smart meters allows individual consumers to take part in the process of energy saving. Smart meter is a type of advanced meter that identifies consumption in more detail than a conventional meter; and optionally, but generally communicates that information via some network back to the local utility for monitoring and billing purposes. It has three basic functions: measure the electricity used (or generated), remotely switch the customer off and remotely control the maximum electricity consumption. The electricity meter communicates by means of a modem. An important characteristic is the communication infrastructure used by the smart meter for this communication. Amongst the possibilities are Power Line Carrier (PLC, using the existing electricity grid); a wireless modem (GSM of GPRS). Smart meters can provide reliable and timely consumption data readily usable in energy Management programs to help reduce costs and associated carbon emissions. Such meters can also eliminate problems associated with estimated bills and the potential consequences of not being able to correctly forecast and manage energy budgets. It is believed that billing customers by how much is consumed and at what time of day will force consumers to adjust their consumption habits to be more responsive to market prices. Prepaid metering is a system whereby consumers purchase electricity through a smart card. The amount paid together with other information is encoded in the smart card. In order to transfer the credit, the consumer inserts the card in the meter. The meter reads the data and when the paid for energy has been used up, the consumer gets the card reloaded/ reprogrammed. The system has the capability of programming with multiple rates, time of use tariffs, etc. Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) and Remote Meter Reading (RMR) describes various systems that allow meters to be checked without the need to send a meter reader out. Monitoring of consumption patterns to detect theft/ tampering of meters is possible with these types of meters. The remote metering unit may be the RTU (Receiving Transmitting Unit), which receives the pulses generated by the electronic meters and is connected to the Central PC (Personal Computer) Station through a communication system which could be PLC (Programmable Logic Control), public switched telephone network, radio, etc. This thesis work presents possibilities of implementing the system for prepaid metering , remote control and automatic meter reading in Distribution Utilities in Punjab. Conception and structure of new system is illustrated. Advantages of new meter reading system over conventional system, like reducing the costs due to unpaid electric energy, non-technical losses, improving the quality of delivered electric energy and possibility of load control are pointed out. On an example of Janta Nagar Substation, Ludhiana, cost benefit analysis for wide-scale implementation of new prepaid, remote control and automatic meter reading in a distribution grid has been outlined.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from EE Student

IMPACT OF INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCTION AT DISTRIBUTION LEVEL ON OVERALL TARIFF By Ashwani Bawa,Power

Abstract
The Sun is a reliable, non-polluting and inexhaustible source of energy. Since the beginning of life on earth, the energy that was received by all living forms was radiated from the sun. Now it is the time that the mankind has to again depend and rely upon the sun as the main source of energy. With rapid rise in energy prices, over pollution, depletion of resources and environment degradation the awareness for limited resources around the world has increased dramatically. The thesis gives idea regarding the impact of independent power production on overall tariff using solar power plant at domestic level. The impact is measured by supplying power from solar power plant during peak hours and from grid for rest of hours in a day. The above analysis is divided in to three steps. 1st step the analysis of unit consumption and tariff paid for one year (2010) is analyzed, 2nd step analysis of unit consumption and tariff paid for 20 years (2010-2029) for fixed load and 20% hike in rate per unit per year is analyzed & 3rd step analysis of unit consumption and tariff paid for twenty year (2010-2029) for 10% hike in load per year and 20% hike in rate per unit per year is analyzed .At last the comparison of savings with solar power plants is analyzed.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from cse Student

COMPRESSION OF 2D IMAGES USING IN PLACE MODIFIED FAST HAAR WAVELET TRANSFORM By Kiran Arora,cse
Abstract
The rapid increase of digital imaging applications, including desktop publishing, multimedia, teleconferencing, and high-definition television (HDTV) has enlarged the necessity for effective and standardized image compression techniques. The purpose of image compression is to attain a very low bit rate representation, while preserving a high visual quality of decompressed images. Wavelets are mathematical tools for hierarchically decomposing functions. Wavelet Transform has been proved to be an extremely valuable tool for image processing in recent years. Since the Haar Transform is memory efficient, closely reversible without the edge effects, it is fast and uncomplicated. As such the Haar Transform technique is broadly used these days in wavelet analysis. The most distinguishing characteristic of Haar Transform lies in the fact that it lends itself easily to uncomplicated manual calculations. Fast Haar Transform is one of the algorithms which can decrease the tedious work of calculations. FHT involves addition, subtraction and division by 2. The Modified Fast Haar Wavelet Transform (MFHWT) approach can be extended for 2D images. Modified Fast Haar Wavelet Transform (MFHWT), is one of the algorithms which can lessen the calculation work in Haar Transform (HT) and Fast Haar Transform (FHT). The present work attempts to describe the algorithm for image compression using In-Place MFHWT and shows comparable results than those obtained by using any other method on an average and also consider about memory utilization during the process of compression. In-Place MFHWT performs faster on images of larger sizes.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from EE Student

RELIABILITY EVALUATION OF THERMAL GENERATING UNIT USING FAULT TREE ANALYSIS APPROACH By Gurpreet Kaur,Power
Abstrat
The focus of this thesis work is to calculate the reliability of one of the units of a thermal generating plant. Reliability evaluation is based on practical data taken from the thermal generating unit considered for case study. The failure data for one year has been collected and thoroughly analyzed to segregate the most intensive failure reasons. Based on these critical failure reasons, fault-tree analysis for the problem has been done. Then, reliability of thermal generating unit has been evaluated using successive path technique. The results show the poor performance capability of the unit. To improve its performance, to enhance the reliability and to decrease the failure time, certain recommendations have been made.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from EE Student

ANALYSIS OF POWER SYSTEM FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF FAULT USING MATLAB PROGRAMMING By Harvinder Singh,Electrical

Abstract
For reliable and safe operation of a power system and proper utilization of its resources require quick and fast protection of each and every equipment of power system. It is necessary to make power system healthy, reliable and efficient, power system must be protected against flow of heavy short circuit currents, which can cause permanent damage to major equipment by disconnecting the faulty part of the system by means of circuit breakers operated by protecting relaying. For proper choice of circuit breakers and protecting relaying, we must estimate the magnitude of currents that would flow under faulty condition.A number of algorithms have been suggested for calculating faulted voltage and line flows. In the present work, MATLAB software is used to simulate the results of various type of fault occurs on higher order bus power system. An algorithm based methodology has been used to calculate faulted bus voltages and line flows. These calculations are used for the selection of circuit breakers.

New M.E. Thesis Submitted from ECE Student

AN APPROACH TO DESIGN OF ULTRA HIGH SPEED RECEIVERS By Prasenjit Sinha,Electronics

Abstract
Future broadband optical multi-access networks require fast packet switching to support multimedia applications. New fiber optic systems utilizing burst-mode transmission and reception are presently being developed for numerous point-to-multipoint communication systems, including passive optic networks (PON's), LANs, WANs and other computer networks. Such systems typically use a time division multiple access protocol, in which bursts of information are transmitted from remote nodes to the central office (in case of PON) or from one node to another on the optical bus. The bursts arrive to the receiver and show large variations in optical powers and relative phases. It is therefore necessary to have receivers which can adapt instantaneously and accurately to these variations on packet-to-packet basis. A large dynamic range, high sensitivity and low cost of the receiver are desirable.

In the present work, a mathematical model has been developed to evaluate the BER performance of these receivers taking the effect of random noise as well as charging/discharging parameters of the peak detector into consideration. L number of 1’s are used as preamble for establishing the threshold. These preamble bits are assumed to be affected by the random Gaussian. So the distribution of the values of the threshold voltages will be similar to that of the distribution of the values corresponding to logical 1’s of the preamble. The threshold setting will also vary when a long string of consecutive 0’s arrive in the incoming data due to discharging of the capacitor of peak detector. Hence there are errors in detecting the incoming data. The average threshold is determined for a particular bit position in the consecutive string of 0’s. This expression of threshold is then used in the BER equation of the receiver. This equation also includes the noise-corrupted threshold. Hence the effect of both the noise and the parameters of the receiver is included in the model.The coded data has better error performance than the uncoded data. A large value discharging parameter K degrades the error performance of both types of data. A large preamble will ensure less errors only if K is not too large.A mathematical model to analyze the error performance of burst-mode optical receiver has been developed in terms of the random Gaussian noise and the parameters of the receiver. The model is applicable for both uncoded NRZ data and 4B5B/5B6B line encoded data. Encoded data has better error performance than uncoded data for the same values of the decay parameter (K) and the length of preamble field (L). Both types of coded data (4B5B and 5B6B) used in this work give similar error performance.The burst mode receiver has sensitivity penalty as compared to conventional receivers due to noise-effected threshold and charging/discharging parameters of the peak detector.A large value of parameter K (or a small τf) degrades the BER performance seriously. This effect is more significant for uncoded data. A longer preamble does not provide any significant BER improvement over four or five preamble bits. Hence the decay parameter K has significant effect on the error performance of burst-mode receivers. The results show that for uncoded as well encoded data, the BER penalty is independent of the length of the preamble field when the discharging time is finite. The value of the decay parameter (K) over which the penalty becomes independent of the length of preamble is smaller for uncoded data (0.10), than for encoded data (0.15). This is due to much smaller length of the consecutive 0’s in encoded data.